GC: n S: http://www.adf.gov/funding.html (last access: 26 April 2013); http://www.humanitarianinnovation.org/funding (last access: 3 September 2014). N: 1. Providing financial resources to finance a need, program, or project. In general, this term is used when a firm fills the need for cash from its own internal reserves, and the term ‘financing’

GC: n S: http://www.theseam.com/update-on-china-buyers-of-u-s-cotton/ (last access: 17 May 2015); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/fungicide (last access: 3 March 2020). N: 1. fungicide (n.): 1889; from fungus (1520s, “a mushroom,” from Latin fungus “a mushroom, fungus;” used in English at first as a learned alternative to mushroom, funge was used in this sense

GC: n S: UCMP – http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/fungi.html (last access: 18 June 2015); CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/ (last access: 18 June 2015). N: 1. 1520s, “a mushroom,” from Latin fungus “a mushroom, fungus;” used in English at first as a learned alternative to mushroom (funge was used in this sense late 14c.). The

GC: n S: MD – http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9665 (last access: 25 October 2016); MM – http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/galactorrhea (last access: 4 November 2016). N: 1. The word “galactorrhea” comes from the Greek galaktos meaning “milk” + rhein meaning “to flow” = “to flow milk”. (The naturally occurring sugar in breast milk is called galactose).

GC: n S: http://www.123ocean.com/en/boating/history/galerne-high-winds/ (last access: 4 July 2015) N: 1. High winds, as sudden as they are violent, sometimes arise in the Bay of Biscay. This odd weather phenomenon is called “galerne.” It is especially prevalent in the Basque country and the south Landes region in France (from Santander

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560552/ (last access: 22 February 2025); MAYO – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gangrene/symptoms-causes/syc-20352567 (last access: 22 February 2025). N: 1. gangrene (n). “putrefaction or necrosis of soft tissues,” 1540s, cancrena, from Latin gangraena (Medieval Latin cancrena), from medical Greek gangraina “an eating or gnawing sore,” literally “that which eats

GC: n S: NHS – https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/roles-doctors/medicine/gastroenterology (last access: 28 March 2025); NM – https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Gastroenterology.aspx (last access: 28 March 2025). N: 1. gastro-enterology (n,), also gastroenterology, 1904, from gastro- + enterology, from Greek enteron “an intestine, piece of gut” (see enteric). Related: Gastroenterologist. 2. gastroenteroloy [gastro- + entero- + -logy], the

GC: n S: APS – https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00376.2005 (last access: 06 May 2021); ELSEV – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/027753959390076L (last access: 06 May 2021). N: 1. c. 1300, “kind, sort, class, a class or kind of persons or things sharing certain traits,” from Old French gendre, genre “kind, species; character; gender” (12c., Modern French genre),

GC: n S: APA – http://goo.gl/34yfjb (last access: 20 November 2015); WebMD – http://goo.gl/pF6dpa (last access: 20 November 2015). N: 1. gender (n): c. 1300, “kind, sort, class,” from Old French gendre, genre ‘kind, species; character; gender (12c., Modern French genre), from stem of Latin genus (genitive generis) ‘race, stock,

See gender dysphoria

GC: n S: UNIFEM – http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/women_war_peace/gender_based_violence.html (last access: 6 March 2013); EU – http://eige.europa.eu/content/what-is-gender-based-violence (last access: 3 September 2014). N: 1. Gender-based violence (GBV) is violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender. It constitutes a breach of the fundamental right to life, liberty, security, dignity,

GC: n S: http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/what-is-gene.html (last access: 1 June 2016); https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene (last access: 1 June 2016). N: 1. 1911, from German Gen, coined 1905 by Danish scientist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1857-1927), from Greek genea “generation, race,” from PIE root *gene- (see genus). De Vries had earlier called them pangenes. Gene pool

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-genetically-modified-food/en/ (last access: 1 September 2015); http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732 (last access: 1 September 2015). N: 1. Genetically modified organism (GMO), organism whose genome has been engineered in the laboratory in order to favour the expression of desired physiological traits or the production of desired biological products. In

GG: n S: UN – https://bit.ly/1lYTeUE (last access: 18 October 2015); BBC – https://bbc.in/1CBcD5w (last access: 3 September 2014). N: 1. 1944, apparently coined by Polish-born U.S. jurist Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) in his work “Axis Rule in Occupied Europe” (p.19), in reference to Nazi extermination of Jews, literally “killing a

GC: n S: http://www.broadinstitute.org/education/glossary/genome (last access: 1 June 2016); http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/whats_a_genome/Chp2_1.shtml (last access: 1 June 2016). N: 1. “sum total of genes in a set,” 1930, genom, modeled on German genom, coined 1920 by German botanist Hans Winkler, from gen “gene” + (chromos)om “chromosome”. 2. A genome is an organism’s complete

GC: n S: MD – http://www.medscape.com/resource/geriatric (last access: 3 September 2014); MM – http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/geriatrics (last access: 25 July 2015). N: 1. coined 1909 by Austrian-born doctor Ignatz L. Nascher (1863-1944) in “New York Medical Journal” on the model of pediatrics (also see -ics), from the same elements found in geriatric

GC: n S: http://www.britishgerontology.org/ (last access: 25 July 2015); http://www.karger.com/Journal/Home/224091 (last access: 25 July 2015).   N: 1. 1903, coined in English from geronto-, used as comb. form of Greek geron (genitive gerontos) “old man,” from PIE root gere- “to become ripe, grow old”. 2. The study of aging as

GC: n S: UN –  https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1048252 (last access: 10 December 2023); OCitizen – https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/cross-the-age-of-gerontophobia-or-how-our-fear-of-the-elderly-still-runs-strong (last access: 10 December 2023). N: 1. Neologism created from geronto-, used as combining form of Greekgeron (genitive gerontos) “old man,” from PIE root *gere- (1) “to grow old” and -phobia, the word-forming element from Greek phobos “fear, panic fear, terror, outward

GC: n S: OMIM – http://www.omim.org/entry/137580 (last access: 1 September 2015); http://www.tsa-usa.org/Medical/whatists.html (last access: 1 September 2015); NIH – https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000733.htm (last access: 1 September 2015). N: 1. Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. The disorder is named for Dr.

GC: n S: WHO – http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/30.html (last access: 16 July 2016); FAO – http://www.fao.org/3/a-av003e.pdf (last access: 16 July 2016). N: 1. mid-14c., from Old English gingifer, gingiber, from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Greek zingiberis, from Prakrit (Middle Indic) singabera, from Sanskrit srngaveram, from srngam “horn” + vera-

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/11/feature1104/en/ (last access: 2 December 2016); NMN – http://www.news-medical.net/news/20140122/Clues-of-silent-thief-of-sighte2809d-Glaucoma.aspx (last access: 29 November 2016); NMN – http://www.news-medical.net/health/Glaucoma-Classifications.aspx (last access: 29 November 2016). N: 1. From Latinized form of Greek glaukoma “cataract, opacity of the lens”, perhaps from glaukommatos “gray-eyed”, with omma “the eye” + glaukos,

GC: n S: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wea.6080570409/pdf (last access: 15 July 2015); http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints/117/ (last access: 15 July 2015). N: 1. “substance used to make a glossy coating,” 1784, from glaze (v.). In reference to a thin coating of ice from 1752. 2. A smooth compact deposit of ice, generally transparent, formed by the

GC: n S: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Socialization (last access: 26 April 2013); http://iris.lib.neu.edu/law_pol_soc_diss/6/ (last access: 3 September 2014); https://globalsociology.pbworks.com/w/page/14711257/Socialization%20in%20Global%20Times (last access: 3 September 2014). N: 1. global (adj): 1670s, “spherical,” from globe + -al (1). Meaning “worldwide, universal, pertaining to the whole globe of the earth” is from 1892, from a sense development

See Sierterm: https://sierterm.es/content/global-warming