GC: n S: Crimjotwell – https://bit.ly/2slEp9H (last access: 9 April 2017); JSTOR – https://bit.ly/2C8YzIO (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. – banished (adj): From past participle of verb banish: late 14c., banischen, “to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political or judicial

GC: n S: PennLaw – https://bit.ly/2Rm0qo0 (last access: 9 April 2017); EncBrit – https://global.britannica.com/topic/exile-law (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. “act of banishing; state of being banished,” c. 1500, from banish (late 14c., banischen, “to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political

GC: n S: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/108141.stm (last access: 26 April 2013); http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014). N: Ordinary farm produce, produced in large quantities, e.g. corn, rice or sugar. S: http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014) SYN: S: CR: hunger, poverty.

GC: n S: Sea&Job – https://www.seaandjob.com/ship-breaking-on-beaches/ (last access: 12 June 2024); Marinsight – https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/how-to-do-intentional-grounding-or-beaching-of-a-ship/ (last access: 12 June 2024). N: 1. – beaching (adj): From verb beach “to haul or run up on a beach,” 1814, from beach (n.). Related: Beached; beaching. – place (n): c. 1200, “space, dimensional extent,

GC: n S: http://www.zonein.com.au/natural_disasters/beaufort_scale.html (last access: 4 July 2015); http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/beaufort-scale (last access: 4 July 2015). N: 1. The Beaufort Scale was invented by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) in 1805 to help sailor describe the wind conditions at sea. It has since been adapted for use on land. By using

GC: n S: NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16894439 (last access: 23 July 2015); http://www.hypnotherapykent.co.uk/fear-of-needles/ (last access: 23 July 2015); DORLAND. N: 1. Borrowed from French bélonophobie or bélonéphobie, from Greek belónē “needle” + French -o- + -phobie. First Known Use: circa 1909. 2. Belonephobia is an unreasonable and altered response due to

GC: adj S: MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medlineplus.html (last access: 11 November 2014); STUD – https://study.com/academy/answer/what-does-benign-mean.html (last access: 1 December 2018). N: 1. early 14c., from Old French benigne (12c., “kind, benign, merciful, gracious;” Modern French bénin, fem. bénigne), from Latin benignus “kindly, kindhearted, friendly, generous,” literally “well born,” from bene “well”

GC: n S: PubMed Health – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001379/ (last access: 29 November 2013); http://www.healthline.com/health/beriberi (last access: 2 June 2016). N: 1. Also beri-beri, paralytic disease prevalent in much of India, 1703, literally “great weakness,” intensifying reduplication of Sinhalese beri “weakness.” 2. beriberi, nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamin (vitamin

See povidone-iodine

GC: n S: http://www.medicinenet.com/bifidobacterium_bifidum-oral/article.htm (last access: 23 May 2015); http://www.probiotic.org/bifidobacterium-bifidum.htm (last access: 23 May 2015). N: Bifidobacterium Bifidum. While bacteria can cause serious infections, the vast majority of them are not only helpful, but necessary for good health. As long as the good bacteria in our bodies win the war

See Bifidobacterium bifidum

See muscle dysmorphia

GC: n S: OECD – https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/official-development-assistance.htm (last access: 30 June 2024); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/bilateral-aid (last access: 30 June 2024). N: – bilateral (adj): “having two sides,” 1775; see bi- “two” + lateral (adj.). Related: Bilaterally. – aid (n): early 15c., aide, “war-time tax,” also “help, support, assistance,” from Old French

GC: n S: RnCeus – http://www.rnceus.com/lf/lfbili.html (last access: 9 June 2016); NIH – https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003479.htm (last access: 9 June 2016). N: 1. “reddish pigment found in bile,” 1871, from German bilirubin (1864), from bili- (see bile) + Latin ruber “red” (see red) + -ine . 2. A reddish-yellow, crystalline, water-insoluble pigment

GC: n S: FDA – http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM389370.pdf (last access: 17 November 2015); SADC – http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ABOUT_ICH/Organisation/SADC/Guideline_on_Bioavailability_and_Bioequivalance.pdf (last access: 17 November 2015); FNB – http://fnb.sagepub.com/content/24/3_suppl1/S20.full.pdf (last access: 19 November 2015). N: 1. Word composed by the word-forming element bio-, from Greek bios-, “life” and the word availability, from available, meaning “at one’s disposal,

See Sierterm: https://sierterm.es/content/biocatalysis

GC: n S: SD – http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304415700000137 (last access: 18 June 2015); EncBrit – http://global.britannica.com/topic/biodegradation (last access: 18 June 2015). N: 1. From the prefix “bio” (word-forming element, from Greek bio-, comb. form of bios “one’s life, course or way of living, lifetime”) and the noun “degradation” (1530s, from French dégradation

GC: n S: UNESCO – http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/bioethics/ (last access: 1 September 2014); http://www.bioethics.net/articles/ethics-in-humanitarian-aid-work-learning-from-the-narratives-of-humanitarian-health-workers/ (last access: 18 June 2016). N: 1. also bio-ethics, coined 1970 by U.S. biochemist Van Rensselaer Potter II (1911-2001), who defined it as “Biology combined with diverse humanistic knowledge forging a science that sets a system of medical

GC: n S: MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html(external link) (last access: 11 December 2015). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1326439/ (last access: 11 December 2015). PMC – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1326439/ (last access: 11 December 2015). N: 1. biological (adj): 1840, from biology + -ical. weapon (n): Old English wæpen “instrument of fighting and defense, sword,” also “penis,” from Proto-Germanic

See “biomass” in SIERTERM: https://sierterm.es/content/biomass.

See Sierterm: https://sierterm.es/content/biome

GC: n S: https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/top-10-bioprinters-55699/ (last access: 14 May 2017); https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170123090630.htm (last access: 14 May 2017). N: 1. From bio- (word-forming element, from Greek bios “one’s life, course or way of living, lifetime” -as opposed to zoe “animal life, organic life”-, from PIE root *gwei- “to live”; the correct usage is

GC: n S: NIH – https://www.niddk.nih.gov/search?s=all&q=biopsy; (last access: 25 November 2020); NHS – https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=biopsy ( (last access: 25 November 2020). N: 1. “examination of tissue removed from a living body,” 1895, from French biopsie, coined by French dermatologist Ernest Besnier (1831-1909) from Greek bi–, combining form of bios “life” (from

See Sierterm: https://sierterm.es/content/biosafety