GC: n S: NCBI – https://bit.ly/2OHVc3w (last access: 9 October 2019); MEDLP – https://bit.ly/2q00zAu (last access: 9 October 2019). N: 1. – white (adj): Old English hwit “bright, radiant; clear, fair,” also as a noun (see separate entry), from Proto-Germanic *hweit- (source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian hwit,

See tuberculosis (note 4).

GC: n S: MarLIN – https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/58 (last access: 14 September 2024); EUNIS – https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/9965 (last access: 14 September 2024). N: 1. whitefish (n.). collective name for cod, haddock, hake, sole, etc., mid-15c., from white (adj.) + fish (n.). 2. whitefish, any of several valuable silvery food fishes (family Salmonidae, or

GC: n CT: But in people with Wilson’s disease, copper isn’t eliminated properly and instead accumulates, possibly to a life-threatening level. When diagnosed early, Wilson’s disease is treatable, and many people with the disorder live normal lives. S: MAYO – http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wilsons-disease/basics/definition/con-20043499 (last access: 18 May 2017) N: 1. – Wilson

GC: n S: WebMD – https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-227/witch-hazel (last access: 3 December 2023); Chestnuth – https://chestnutherbs.com/witch-hazel-bloomoogling-unusual-male-parts-explosive-seeds-and-medicinal-uses/ (last access: 3 December 2023). N: 1. 1540s, probably from Old English wice “Applied generally or vaguely to various trees having pliant branches” [OED], from wican “to bend” (from PIE root *weik- (2) “to bend, to

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/withdrawal/en/ (last access: 9 December 2014); MD – https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819502-overview?form=fpf (last access: 4 September 2024). N: 1. withdrawal (adj): 1820s, “act of taking back,” also “retraction of a statement, from withdraw + –al. syndrome (n): “a number of symptoms occurring together,” 1540s, from medical Latin, from

GC: n S: MAYO – http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/home/ovc-20265961 (last access: 19 May 2017); Medscape – https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview (last access: 8 June 2018). N: 1. – Wolff (pn): Louis Wolff was an American cardiologist (1898 – 1972). – Parkinson (pn): John Parkinson was an English cardiologist (1885 – 1976). – White (pn): Dr Paul

GC: adj S: CoursWash –  https://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/differentiation/differentiation.htm (last access: 19 June 2016); MedDict – http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wolffian+duct (last access: 19 June 2016). N: 1. From last name of Kaspar Friedrich Wolff (1733-1794), German anatomist and embryologist + English -an. 2. Discovered or first described by Kaspar Friedrich Wolff. 3. Kaspar Friedrich Wolff was

GC: n S: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/wolffian-duct (last access: 19 June 2016); https://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/differentiation/differentiation.htm (last access: 19 June 2016). N: 1. Wolffian (adj): From last name of Kaspar Friedrich Wolff (1733-1794), German anatomist and embryologist + English -an. First Known Use: 1876. duct (n): 1640s, “course, direction,” from Latin ductus “a leading,” past participle

GC: adj S: MedAcademic – http://medicine.academic.ru/50425/wormian (last access: 19 June 2016); Elsevier – http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211568413000028?via=sd (last access: 19 June 2016). N: 1. Eponym from last name of Ole Worm. Worm \ˈvȯrm\, Ole (Latin Olaus Wormius) (1588–1654), Danish physician. Worm was a professor of medicine at the University of Copenhagen and personal

GC: n S: TFD – http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wormian+bone (last access: 19 June 2016); NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959948 (last access: 19 June 2016). N: 1. – Wormian (adj): Eponym from last name of Ole Worm. Worm \ˈvȯrm\, Ole (Latin Olaus Wormius) (1588–1654), Danish physician. Worm was a professor of medicine at the University of

GC: n S: The Guardian – https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/24/400-year-old-ship-found-off-portuguese-coast-cascais (last access: 1 August 2024); Reuters – https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/wreck-ancient-roman-cargo-ship-found-off-coast-near-rome-2023-07-28/ (last access: 1 August 2024). N: 1. early 13c., “goods cast ashore after a shipwreck, flotsam,” from Anglo-French wrec, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse *wrek “wreck, flotsam” (cognates: Norwegian, Icelandic rek), related

GC: n S: AJADD – https://bit.ly/2JVP4Ae (last access: 11 November 2018); INDAWIJ – https://bit.ly/2PSLoEH (last access: 11 November 2018). N: 1. From prefix xeno- (from Ancient Greek ξένος xénos, “alien”) and adjective biotic (from Ancient Greek βιωτικός biōtikós, “of life”, from βίος bíos, “life”). Adjective and noun. 2. A xenobiotic

GC: n S: UNESCO – https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000142590 (last access: 1 June 2024); Eur-lex – https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/glossary/fight-against-racism-and-xenophobia.html (last access: 1 June 2024). N: 1. 1903, from xeno- “foreign, strange” + -phobia “fear.” Earlier (c.1884) it meant “agoraphobia.” 2. Origin of XENOPHOBIA: New Latin. First Known Use: 1903. 3. Fear and hatred of strangers

GC: n S: FDA – https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/xenotransplantation (last access: 2 June 2024); Elsevier – https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-cirugia-espanola-english-edition–436-articulo-clinical-xenotransplantation-closer-reality-literature-S2173507717300297 (last access: 2 June 2024). N: 1. From xeno- (Late Latin, from Greek, from xenos stranger, guest, host) and -transplantation (Middle English transplaunten, from Late Latin transplantare, from Latin trans- + plantare to plant). First Known

GC: n S: WHO – http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/133705/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_EPG_14.4_eng.pdf (last access: 10 February 2016); MN – http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6040 (last access: 10 February 2016). N: 1. Late Latin, from Greek xērophthalmia, from xēr- xer- + ophthalmia ophthalmia; circa 1656. 2. Night blindness is an early sign of vitamin A deficiency, followed by abnormal dryness of

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/ (last access: 6 December 2013) ; NHS – http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Yellow-fever/Pages/Introduction.aspx (last access: 7 August 2015). N: 1. – yellow (adj): Middle English yelwe, from Old English geolu, geolwe, “yellow,” from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz (source also of Old Saxon, Old High German gelo, Middle Dutch ghele, Dutch geel,

GC: n S: CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/index.html (last access: 15 September 2024); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/yellow-fever-virus (last access: 15 September 2024). N: 1. – yellow (adj): Middle English yelwe, from Old English geolu, geolwe, “yellow,” from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz (source also of Old Saxon, Old High German gelo, Middle Dutch ghele, Dutch geel,

GC: n S: Healthlink –http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/hfile77.stm (last access: 28 February 2013); HNY – https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/yersiniosis/fact_sheet.htm (last access: 28 February 2016). N: 1. Eponym from Alexandre Yersin, in full Alexandre-Émile-John Yersin, also called Alexandre-John-Émile Yersin (born Sept. 23, 1863, Lavaux, near Aubonne, Switz.—died March 1, 1943, Nha Trang, Annam, Indochina, now in Vietnam),

See Zika virus disease

See Zika virus disease

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/ (last access: 19 February 2016); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/zika-virus-symptoms-prevention (last access: 19 February 2016). N: 1. In 1947, scientists researching yellow fever placed a rhesus macaque in a cage in the Zika Forest (zika meaning “overgrown” in the Luganda language), near the East African Virus

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/case-definition/en/ (last access: 1 February 2018); MAYO – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/zika-virus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353639 (last access: 1 February 2018). N: 1. – Zika (pn): Name of a forest in Uganda. “Zika” as a noun is a virus, by 1952, discovered 1947 and named for the Zika Forest of Uganda, where

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/zoonoses/en/ (last access: 4 December 2014); NIH – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html (last access: 8 December 2014). N: 1. zoonosis (n): “disease communicated to humans by animals,” plural zoonoses, 1876, from zoo- (word-forming element meaning “animal, living being,” from comb. form of Greek zoion “an animal,” literally “a