GC: n S: TAM – https://goo.gl/5QCmLX (page 211) (last access: 7 November 2018); IOM – https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms (last access: 7 November 2018). N: 1. – forced (adj): “not spontaneous or voluntary, strained, unnatural,” 1570s. The past-participle adjective from verb force (c. 1300, forcen, also forsen, “exert force upon (an adversary),” from

GC: n S: IOM – https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/uamas_synthesis_report2012.pdf (last access: 3 May 2021); UNCHR – https://www.unhcr.org/50aa01c310.pdf (last access: 3 May 2021). N: 1. – foreign (adj): c. 1300, ferren, foran, foreyne, in reference to places, “outside the boundaries of a country;” of persons, “born in another country,” from Old French forain “strange, foreign; outer, external, outdoor; remote,

GC: n S: MPI – https://bit.ly/2Bb91zy (last access: 4 March 2017); TheHill – https://bit.ly/2MJNGBZ (last access: 4 March 2017). N: 1. early 15c., foreyner; see foreign (c. 1300, ferren, foran, foreyne, in reference to places, “outside the boundaries of a country;” of persons, “born in another country,” from Old French

GC: n S: SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/forensic-medicine (last access: 5 February 2021); NIH – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4890849/ (last access: 5 February 2021). N: 1. – forensic (adj): “pertaining to or suitable for courts of law,” 1650s, with -ic + stem of Latin forensis “of a forum, place of assembly,” related to forum “public place”. Later used especially in

GC: n S: CSFS – https://www.csfs.ca/student-zone/student-zone/ (last access: 4 February 2021); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/forensic-sciences (last access: 4 February 2021). N: 1. – forensic (adj): “pertaining to or suitable for courts of law,” 1650s, with -ic + stem of Latin forensis “of a forum, place of assembly,” related to forum “public place”. Later used especially in

GC: n S: Interpol – https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Forensics (last access: 5 February 2021); Westmidl – https://west-midlands.police.uk/specialist-teams/forensics (last access: 5 February 2021). N: 1. Latin forensis public, forensic, from forum forum. First Known Use of forensic: 1659 (as an adjective) and 1814 (as a noun). 2. Definition of forensic: 1: an argumentative exercise. 2: forensics plural in form

GC: n S: EC – http://ec.europa.eu/echo/what-we-do/civil-protection/forest-fires_en (last access: 25 October 2017); The Guardian – https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/spain-forest-fire-forces-more-than-1500-from-homes-and-campsites (last access: 25 October 2017). N: 1. – forest (n): late 13c., “extensive tree-covered district,” especially one set aside for royal hunting and under the protection of the king, from Old French forest “forest, wood,

GC: n S: EncBrit – http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/721819/law-of-war/52928/Lawful-combatants (last access: 26 March 2015) N: 1. French, from franc free + tireur shooter. First Known Use: 1808. A civilian and especially a guerrilla fighter or sniper. 2. Very often the armed forces of belligerents consist throughout the war of their regular armies only;

GC: n S: https://archive.org/details/historyofbuccane00exqu (last access: 21 February 2014); http://www.pirates-privateers.com/definitions.htm (last access: 21 February 2014). N: 1. 1560s, loan-translation of Dutch vrijbuiter “plunderer, robber,” from vrijbuiten “to rob, plunder,” from vrijbuit “plunder,” literally “free booty,” from vrij “free” + buit “booty,” from buiten “to exchange or plunder,” from Middle Dutch

GC: n S: http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/climate-weather/stories/what-is-freezing-fog (last access: 15 July 2015); http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-freezing-fog.htm (last access: 15 July 2015). N: 1. A fog formed of supercooled water droplets which freeze on contact with objects, covering them with a coating of rime. 2. freezing fog; FZFG: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Civil

GC: n S: http://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=d9553ab5-1 (last access: 15 July 2015); http://www.bbc.com/weather/2640729 (last access: 15 July 2015). N: 1. Old English forst, frost “frost, a freezing, frozen precipitation, extreme cold,” from Proto-Germanic *frustaz- “frost”, related to freosan “to freeze,” from suffixed form of PIE *preus– “to freeze; burn”. Both forms of the

MENA: Acronym of Middle East and North Africa. MENA: Acronym used in Spanish, it means Foreign Unaccompanied Minors (FUM). See “Foreign Unaccompanied Minors”: https://www.humantermuem.es/content/foreign-unaccompanied-minor/?lang=en

GC: n S: UNESCO – https://uis.unesco.org/en/blog/measuring-functional-literacy-and-numeracy-lifelong-learning (last access: 2 July 2024); Springer – https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-4540-4_14 (last access: 2 July 2024). N: 1. – functional (adj): 1630s, “pertaining to function or office,” from function (n.) + –al (1), or from Medieval Latin functionalis. Meaning “utilitarian” is by 1864; specific use in architecture

GC: n S: http://www.adf.gov/funding.html (last access: 26 April 2013); http://www.humanitarianinnovation.org/funding (last access: 3 September 2014). N: 1. Providing financial resources to finance a need, program, or project. In general, this term is used when a firm fills the need for cash from its own internal reserves, and the term ‘financing’

GC: n S: http://www.theseam.com/update-on-china-buyers-of-u-s-cotton/ (last access: 17 May 2015); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/fungicide (last access: 3 March 2020). N: 1. fungicide (n.): 1889; from fungus (1520s, “a mushroom,” from Latin fungus “a mushroom, fungus;” used in English at first as a learned alternative to mushroom, funge was used in this sense

GC: n S: UCMP – http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/fungi.html (last access: 18 June 2015); CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/ (last access: 18 June 2015). N: 1. 1520s, “a mushroom,” from Latin fungus “a mushroom, fungus;” used in English at first as a learned alternative to mushroom (funge was used in this sense late 14c.). The

GC: n S: MD – http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9665 (last access: 25 October 2016); MM – http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/galactorrhea (last access: 4 November 2016). N: 1. The word “galactorrhea” comes from the Greek galaktos meaning “milk” + rhein meaning “to flow” = “to flow milk”. (The naturally occurring sugar in breast milk is called galactose).

GC: n S: http://www.123ocean.com/en/boating/history/galerne-high-winds/ (last access: 4 July 2015) N: 1. High winds, as sudden as they are violent, sometimes arise in the Bay of Biscay. This odd weather phenomenon is called “galerne.” It is especially prevalent in the Basque country and the south Landes region in France (from Santander

Grammatical category: n Term sources: DORLAND p. 761; EncBrit; WHO – http://www.who.int/tobacco/healthwarningsdatabase/tobacco_medium_brazil_vascular_03_por/en/ (last access: 22 August 2014). Notes: 1. 1540s, from Latin gangraena, from Greek gangraina “an eating or gnawing sore,” literally “that which eats away,” reduplicated form of gran- “to gnaw,” from PIE root gras- (see gastric). 2. Infection

GC: n S: APS – https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00376.2005 (last access: 06 May 2021); ELSEV – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/027753959390076L (last access: 06 May 2021). N: 1. c. 1300, “kind, sort, class, a class or kind of persons or things sharing certain traits,” from Old French gendre, genre “kind, species; character; gender” (12c., Modern French genre),

GC: n S: APA – http://goo.gl/34yfjb (last access: 20 November 2015); WebMD – http://goo.gl/pF6dpa (last access: 20 November 2015). N: 1. gender (n): c. 1300, “kind, sort, class,” from Old French gendre, genre ‘kind, species; character; gender (12c., Modern French genre), from stem of Latin genus (genitive generis) ‘race, stock,

See gender dysphoria

GC: n S: UNIFEM – http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/women_war_peace/gender_based_violence.html (last access: 6 March 2013); EU – http://eige.europa.eu/content/what-is-gender-based-violence (last access: 3 September 2014). N: 1. Gender-based violence (GBV) is violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender. It constitutes a breach of the fundamental right to life, liberty, security, dignity,

GC: n S: http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/what-is-gene.html (last access: 1 June 2016); https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene (last access: 1 June 2016). N: 1. 1911, from German Gen, coined 1905 by Danish scientist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1857-1927), from Greek genea “generation, race,” from PIE root *gene- (see genus). De Vries had earlier called them pangenes. Gene pool