See SIERTERM: https://sierterm.es/content/petroleum

GC: n S: http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/mdd/v04/i05/html/05timeline.html (last access: 2 December 2016); http://pharmacology.uthscsa.edu/graduate/whatis_pharmTrack.asp (last access: 2 December 2016). N: 1. 1721, formed in Modern Latin (1680s) from pharmaco- + –logy. Related: Pharmacological. 2. The study of drugs, their sources, their nature, and their properties. Pharmacology is the study of the body’s reaction to

GC: n S: http://www.ehow.com/info_8246240_difference-between-pharmacy-drugstore.html (last access: 6 August 2015); GDT. N: 1. late 14c., “a medicine,” from Old French farmacie “a purgative” (13c.), from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Greek pharmakeia “use of drugs, medicines, potions, or spells; poisoning, witchcraft; remedy, cure,” from pharmakeus (fem. pharmakis) “preparer of drugs, poisoner, sorcorer”

GC: n S: http://www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/explore-by-career/pharmacy/ (last access: 4 September 2014); https://sciencebasedpharmacy.wordpress.com/ (last access: 6 August 2015). N: 1. late 14c., “a medicine,” from Old French farmacie “a purgative” (13c.), from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Greek pharmakeia “use of drugs, medicines, potions, or spells; poisoning, witchcraft; remedy, cure,” from pharmakeus (fem. pharmakis)

GC: n S: WHO – World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/haemorrhagicfevers/en/.(external link) (last access: 11 November 2014); MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000639.htm.(external link) (last access: 11 November 2014). N: 1. 1824, from stem of pharynx + -itis. 1690s, from Greek pharynx (windpipe, throat), related to pharanx (cleft, chasm). Noun suffix denoting diseases characterized by

GC: n S: PSG – http://phasmidstudygroup.org/phasmids (last access: 18 February 2024); AM – https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/leaf-and-stick-insects-order-phasmatodea/ (last access: 18 February 2024). N: 1. New Latin Phasmida, group name, from Phasma, type genus, from Greek, apparition, from phainein to show. The first known use of phasmid was in 1864. 2. Any of an

GC: n S: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/phlebitis/article_em.htm (last access: 12 June 2015); DORLAND p. 1923. N: 1. 1820, medical Latin, from phlebo- (word-forming element in medicine meaning “vein,” from Greek phlebo-, comb. form of phleps “vein,” of uncertain origin) + -itis (“inflammation”). 2. The condition is marked by infiltration of the coats of

GC: n S: MNT- https://n9.cl/m7vdd (last access: 28 November 2020); HLN- https://www.healthline.com/health/phobia-simple-specific (last access: 28 November 2020). N: 1. “irrational fear, horror, or aversion; fear of an imaginary evil or undue fear of a real one,” 1786, perhaps based on a similar use in French, abstracted from compounds in -phobia, the

GC: n S: EPA – http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/phosgene.html (last access: 4 December 2014); CDC –http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/phosgene/basics/facts.asp (last access: 4 December 2014); EncBrit. N: 1. phosgene (n): from latin phos “light,” contraction of phaos “light, daylight” (related to phainein “to show, to bring to light) + generator “person or thing that generates,”from Latin generator

GC: n S: http://www4.ncsu.edu/~franzen/public_html/Poland/Poznan08a/Text/Ch6.pdf (last access: 11 December 2013); http://www.thebigger.com/chemistry/chemical-kinetics/define-photochemical-reactions-with-example/ (last access: 1 October 2015). N: 1. A chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of energy in the form of light. The consequence of molecules’ absorbing light is the creation of transient excited states whose chemical and physical properties differ

GC: n S: Medteams – http://www.medicalteams.org/take-action/volunteer/disaster-response-volunteering (last access: 17 May 2016); RACP – https://www.racp.edu.au/about/what-is-a-physician (last access: 17 May 2016). N: 1. early 13c., fisicien “a healer, a medical practitioner,” from Old French fisiciien “physician, doctor, sage” (12c., Modern French physicien means “physicist”), from fisique “art of healing,” from Latin physica

GC: n S: Thoracic – https://goo.gl/6gWxId (last access: 14 December 2016 ); MedlinePlus – https://goo.gl/hxogtg (last access: 14 December 2016); ATSJ – https://goo.gl/gPB7vJ (last access: 14 December 2016). N: 1. Pickwickian syndrome is a disorder that was named after Joe, the fat, red faced boy in Charles Dickens’ The Pickwick

GC: n S: UN – http://www.un.org/depts/los/piracy/piracy.htm (last access: 23 February 2014); ICC – https://icc-ccs.org/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-map (last access: 31 August 2015). N: 1. Early 15c., from Medieval Latin piratia, from Greek peirateia “piracy,” from peirates (see pirate (n.)). 2. The operative word in that definition is “lawfully”, as the international law of

GC: n S: UNESCO – http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=39397&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (last access: 31 August 2015); OSU – https://ocio.osu.edu/itsecurity/buckeyesecure/copyright-and-piracy (last access: 31 August 2015). N: 1. Early 15c., from Medieval Latin piratia, from Greek peirateia “piracy,” from peirates (see pirate (n.)). 2. piracy (copyright crime), act of illegally reproducing or disseminating copyrighted material, such as

GC: n S : BBC – https://bbc.in/2TB1LED (last access: 7 February 2019); MarMus – https://bit.ly/2I06uOG (last access: 7 February 2019). N: 1. c.1300 (mid-13c. as a surname), from Latin pirata “sailor, corsair, sea robber” (source of Spanish, Italian pirata, Dutch piraat, German Pirat), literally “one who attacks (ships),” from Greek

GC: n S: SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/tar-pitch (last access: 12 September 2024); Deza – https://www.deza.cz/en/node/78085 (last access: 12 September 2024). N: 1. pitch (n.) (n.2): “resinous substance, wood tar,” late 12c., pich, from Old English pic “pitch,” from a Germanic borrowing (Old Saxon and Old Frisian pik, Middle Dutch pik, Dutch

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs267/en/ (last access: 28 February 2016); CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/plague/ (last access: 12 November 2013). N: 1. late 14c., plage, “affliction, calamity, evil, scourge;” early 15c., “malignant disease,” from Old French plage (14c.), from Late Latin plaga, used in Vulgate for “pestilence,” from Latin plaga “stroke,

GC: n S: NCBI – https://bit.ly/2B7UiVT (last access: 9 October 2019); URMC – https://bit.ly/2m0jbvT (last access: 9 October 2019). N: 1. 1895, formed in English from “plate” (mid-13c., “flat sheet of gold or silver,” also “flat, round coin,” from Old French plate “thin piece of metal” (late 12c.), from Medieval

GC: n S: MD – http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/120497-overview (last access: 7 May 2017); NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3618840/ (last access: 20 March 2018). N: 1. – Plummer (pn): Henry S. Plummer (1874-1936) was graduated M.D. from North-Western University in 1898. He practiced with his father in Racine, Minnesota, for a period before he joined

GC: n S: MedlinePlus – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000145.htm (last access: 27 August 2014); DORLAND. N: 1. c.1600, from Modern Latin, from Greek pneumonia “inflammation of the lungs,” from pneumon “lung,” altered (perhaps by influence of pnein “to breathe”) from pleumon “lung,” literally “floater,” probably cognate with Latin pulmo (see pulmonary), from PIE

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/ (last access: 17 August 2021); NHS – https://www.ouh.nhs.uk/patient-guide/leaflets/files/11653Ppneumothorax.pdf (last access: 17 August 2021). N: 1. 1821, from French pneumothorax (1803), coined by French physician Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (1774-1838) from Greek pneumon “lung”. 2. Pneumothorax is defined by the presence of air in the

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/en/ (last access: 21 June 2016); (last access: 21 June 2016); WHO – http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/info_products/en/ (last access: 21 June 2016); http://www.emedicinehealth.com/poisoning/article_em.htm (last access: 21 June 2016): N: 1. 1200-50; Middle English puisun < Old French < Latin pōtiōn- (stem of pōtiō) drink, potion, poisonous draught. 2.

See poliomyelitis

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis (last access: 13 April 2024); CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm (last access: 13 April 2024). N: 1. 1874, also polio-myelitis, coined by German physician Adolph Kussmaul (1822-1902) from Greek polios “grey” (see fallow (adj.)) + myelos “marrow” + -itis “inflammation.” So called because the gray matter