GC: n S: NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68017955 (last access: 8 October 2015); GOV.UK – https://www.gov.uk/government/news/poliovirus-detected-in-sewage-from-north-and-east-london (last access: 13 September 2024). N: 1. polio- (in poliomyelitis) + virus, later taken as New Latin. The first known use of poliovirus was in 1939. an enterovirus (species Poliovirus) occurring in three distinct serotypes that

GC: n S: http://www.sais-jhu.edu/cmtoolkit/issues-in-practice/humanitarian-aid/dilemmas-political.htm (last access: 16 July 2012); http://www.co.portage.wi.us/groundwater/action/pol.htm (last access: 1 September 2014). N: 1. – political (adj): 1550s, “pertaining to a polity, civil affairs, or government;” from Latin politicus “of citizens or the state” + -al. Meaning “taking sides in party politics” (usually pejorative) is from 1749.

See Sierterm: https://sierterm.es/content/pollution

GC: n S: http://www.healthline.com/health/polyps (last access: 5 August 2017); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/tc/colon-polyps-treatment-overview (last access: 5 August 2017). N: 1. c. 1400, “nasal tumor,” from Middle French polype and directly from Latin polypus “cuttlefish,” also “nasal tumor,” from Greek (Doric, Aeolic) polypos “octopus, cuttlefish,” from polys “many” (from PIE root *pele-

GC: n S: CDC – https://www.shorturl.at/owAEK (last access: 4 September 2014); EUROSTAT – https://www.shorturl.at/hstS2 (last access: 6 October 2014). N: 1. – population (n): 1610s, from Late Latin populationem (nominative populatio) “a people; a multitude,” as if from Latin populus “a people”. Population explosion is first attested 1953. – at

See Portuguese man-of-war

GC: n S: NatGeo – https://on.natgeo.com/2IJNkeU (last access: 1 July 2019); NOAA – https://bit.ly/2JQ69eq (last access: 1 July 2019). N: 1. – Portuguese (adj): 1610s as a noun, the language, or a resident, of Portugal; 1660s as an adjective, from Portuguese Portuguez (see Portugal + -ese). The ending was vulgarly

GC: n S: http://pharmafactz.com/what-is-pharmacology/ (last access: 29 June 2017); http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Presentation/2013/01/WC500137015.pdf (last access: 29 June 2017). N: 1. 1805–15; < Greek póso(s) how much + -logy. The branch of pharmacology dealing with the determination of dosage. 2. A branch of medical science concerned with dosage. 3. As nouns the difference between

GC: n S: RG – https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Berthold-Gersons/publication/21672880_Post-traumatic_stress_disorder_The_history_of_a_recent_concept_British_Journal_of_Psychiatry_161_742-748/links/5cd680fb299bf14d9589cadc/Post-traumatic-stress-disorder-The-history-of-a-recent-concept-British-Journal-of-Psychiatry-161-742-748.pdf (last access: 20 April 2021); NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182008/ (last access: 20 April 2021). N: 1. – post-: Word-forming element meaning “after,” from Latin post “behind, after, afterward,” from *pos-ti (source also of Arcadian pos, Doric poti “toward, to, near, close by;” Old Church Slavonic

GC: n S: UNICEF – http://www.unicef.org/sowc05/english/poverty.html (last access: 5 April 2015); http://www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-poverty (last access: 5 April 2015). N: 1. late 12c., from Old French poverte “poverty, misery, wretched condition” (Modern French pauvreté), from Latin paupertatem (nominative paupertas) “poverty,” from pauper “poor”. “Seeing so much poverty everywhere makes me think that

GC: n S: WB – https://bit.ly/2Wviz1w (last access: 1 February 2019); OECD – https://bit.ly/1kgI6ao (last access: 4 September 2014). N: 1. – poverty (n): late 12c., from Old French poverte “poverty, misery, wretched condition” (Modern French pauvreté), from Latin paupertatem (nominative paupertas). “poverty,” from pauper “poor”. Poverty line attested from

GC: n S: http://www.imf.org/external/np/prsp/prsp.aspx (last access: 22 April 2013); http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPRS/0,,contentMDK:22283891~menuPK:384209~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:384201,00.html (last access: 4 September 2014). N: Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) are central to IMF-supported economic and financial programs in low-income countries. PRS documents assess the poverty challenge, describe how macroeconomic, structural, and social policies and programs can promote growth and

GC: n S: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9474112 (last access: 4 September 2014); http://www.drugs.com/cdi/povidone-iodine-solution.html (last access: 8 October 2015). N: A complex produced by reacting iodine with povidone polymer, which slowly releases iodine. It is used as a topical anti-infective preparation. S: TERMIUM PLUS (last access: 4 September 2014) GV: povidone iodine S: GDT

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/tdr/research/malaria/drug_safety_pregnancy/en/ (last access: 18 November 2014); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/tips-to-lose-baby-weight. (last access: 18 November 2014) N: 1. 1520s from Latin praegnantem (nominative praegnans, originally praegnas) “with child,” literally “before birth,” probably from prae– “before” + root of gnasci “be born”; + -cy, abstract noun suffix of

GC: n S: http://www.dhs.gov/topic/plan-and-prepare-disasters (last access: 7 October 2015); UNTERM – http://unterm.un.org/DGAACS/unterm.nsf/WebView/D6D85AD08E9DC18285257A46004F4678?OpenDocument (last access: 25 April 2013). N: 1. preparedness (n.): 1580s, from prepared + -ness (word-forming element denoting action, quality, or state, attached to an adjective or past participle to form an abstract noun, from Old English -nes(s), from

GC: n S: EUFIC – https://www.eufic.org/en/whats-in-food/article/what-are-preservatives-and-what-are-common-examples-used-in-food (last access: 17 December 2023); MSU – https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/preservatives-keeping-our-foods-safe-fresh (last access: 17 December 2023). N: 1. preservative (adj.): late 14c., preservatif, “tending to keep safe, sound, or free from harm,” from Old French preservatif and directly from Medieval Latin praeservativus, from stem of Late Latin

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/10/07-046128-ab/en/ (last access: 7 November 2020); NIH – https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/what-is-prevalence.shtml (last access: 7 November 2020 ). N: 1. It comes from french  prévalence and this comes from Medieval Latin praevalentia meaning “superior force”. It was incorporated in the 1590s. The Classic Latin praevlere means “to be more able”. The prefix

GC: n S: http://eview.anu.edu.au/burgmann/issue2/pdf/ch04.pdf (last access: 24 November 2014); TM – Tribune Magazine. http://www.tribunemagazine.org/2014/02/no-nukes-we-need-action-not-prevarication/ (last access: 24 November 2014. N: 1. From Old French: prevaricacion: breaking of God’s laws, disobedience (to the Faith). From Latin praevaricationem (nominative: praevaricatio): “duplicity, collusion, a stepping out of line (of duty or behavior). praevaricari:

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232631/ (last access: 2 July 2024); NHS – https://www.england.nhs.uk/get-involved/get-involved/how/primarycare/ (last access: 2 July 2024). N: 1. – primary (adj): early 15c., primarie, “earliest, most basic, first in time or sequence;” 1560s, “first or highest in rank or importance,” from Latin primarius “of the first rank,

GC: n S: MAYO – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355797 (last access: 2 August 2021); MEDLP – https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/ (last access: 2 August 2021). N: 1. – primary early 15c., primarie, ‘earliest, most basic, first in time or sequence’; 1560s, ‘from Latin primarius ‘of the first rank, chief, principal, excellent,’ from primus “first”. – sclerosing

GC: n S: AI – http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/issues/prisoners-and-people-at-risk/prisoners-of-conscience (last access: 11 November 2014); UN – http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=42937#.VGHK7Gc7F_c (last access: 11 November 2014). N: 1. prisoner (n): Earlier a jailer in the middle of the 13th century, but this did not survive Middle English. From Old French: prisonier. From Latin: prisoun. of (prep.): Old

GC: n. S: ICRC – https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/protected-persons/prisoners-war-detainees (last access: 11 November 2014); EncBrit – http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/477235/prisoner-of-war-POW (last access: 11 November 2014). N: 1. – prisoner (n): person in prison, captive person, “late 14c. (earlier “a jailer,” mid -13c., but this did not survive Middle English), form Old French prisonier “captive, hostage” (12c.,

GC: n S: Princetonedu – https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Privateer.html (last access: 22 February 2014); MarMus – http://www.marinersmuseum.org/blogs/library/?p=1054 (last access: 22 February 2014). N: 1. privateer (n.): 1660s, “private man of war,” from private (adj.), probably on model of volunteer, buccaneer. 2. Francis Drake was essentially a privateer on his voyage round the world

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1479485/ (last access: 15 January 2024); FAO – https://www.fao.org/3/a0512e/a0512e.pdf (last access: 15 January 2024). N: 1. From word-forming element pro- and adjective biotic: pro-: word-forming element meaning “forward, forth, toward the front” (as in proclaim, proceed); “beforehand, in advance” (prohibit, provide); “taking care of” (procure);