GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/guide_on_pain/en/ (last access: 20 September 2015); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/drugs/condition-3079-Pain.aspx (last access: 20 September 2015). N: 1. late 13c., “punishment,” especially for a crime; also “condition one feels when hurt, opposite of pleasure,” from Old French peine “difficulty, woe, suffering, punishment, Hell’s torments” (11c.), from Latin

GC: n S: http://www.getpalliativecare.org/ (last access: 28 February 2013); DTM p. 435. N: S: SYN: S: CR: primary care

GC: n S: PMC – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ (last access: 5 December 2014); DORLAND p. 679. N: 1. From Greek, pan + kytos, cell, penia, poverty. 2. Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity. It is a striking feature of many serious and life-threatening illnesses, ranging from simple drug-induced bone marrow hypoplasia,

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/pandemic/en/ (last access: 25 April 2013); Medicinenet – http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4751 (last access: 9 September 2015). N: 1. 1660s, from Late Latin pandemus, from Greek pandemos “pertaining to all people; public, common,” from pan- “all” (see pan-) + demos “people” (see demotic). Modeled on epidemic. The noun is

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/csr/don/2006_02_28a/en/ (last access: 2 June 2016); NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22857789 (last access: 2 June 2016). N: 1. From Greek παν pan all + ζόιον zoion animal. 2. A disease affecting animals of many species especially over a wide area. 3. As adjectives the difference between panzootic

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/tools/BCG_Vaccine_rates_information_sheet.pdf (last access: 13 November 2014); DORLAND. N:1. From Latin papula “pustule, pimple, swelling”, related: papular. 2. Area of abnormal skin tissue that is less than 1 centimeter around. A papule has distinct borders, and it can appear in a variety of shapes. Papules are

GC: n CT: Paraneoplastic syndromes may be the first or most prominent manifestation of a cancer. When a patient without a known cancer presents with one of the “typical” paraneoplastic syndromes, a diagnosis of cancer should be considered and investigated. Because of their protean manifestations, paraneoplastic syndromes should be managed

GC: n S: CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ (last access: 10 May 2016); NCBI – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27726821/ (last access: 20 November 2024). N: 1. parasite (n): 1530s, “a hanger-on, a toady, person who lives on others,” from Middle French parasite (16c.) or directly from Latin parasitus “toady, sponger,” and directly from Greek parasitos

GC: n S: Springer – https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1756-0500-6-449 (last access: 20 November 2024); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020729297028658 (last access: 20 November 2024). N: 1. The first known use of parasitosis was circa 1899. From “parasite” + “-osis” (Latin from Greek -ōsis from -ō-, -o-, ending of preceding verbal or substantive stem + -sis).

GC: n S: NIH – https://goo.gl/xnXDJs (last access: 21 November 2018); SDir – https://bit.ly/2r1Jgwf (last access: 24 November 2018). N: 1. 1835, paraesthesia also paresthesia (n), from para- (here “disordered”) + Greek aisthesis “perception, feeling” (from PIE root *au- “to perceive”) + abstract noun ending -ia. 2. Maybe you fell

GC: n S: PDF – http://www.pdf.org/en/index (last access: 28 November 2013); NIH – http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/parkinsons_disease.htm (last access:12 December 2013); MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/parkinsonsdisease.html (last access: 12.12.2013). N: 1. Parkinson’s disease (eponym): form of paralysis, 1877, from French maladie de Parkinson (1876), named for English physician James Parkinson (1755-1824), who described it (1817)

GC: n S: Med – http://medicine.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/parotitis (last access: 1 September 2014); Medscape – http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/882461-clinical (last access: 10 October 2015). N: 1. Parotitis causes swelling in one or both of the parotid glands. These are two large salivary glands that are inside each cheek over the jaw in front of each

GC: n S: UNESCO – http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001585/158555e.pdf (last access: 30 October 2012); FAO – http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad424e/ad424e03.htm (last access: 12 October 2015). N: When talking about participatory approaches and methods today, we are not talking about a fashion or a vogue. We are discussing field-tested approaches developed on the basis of scientific evidence

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/biologicals/areas/vaccines/influenza/influenza_pathogens_disease/en/ (last access: 30 May 2016); BBC – http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/defendingagainstinfectionrev1.shtml (last access: 30 May 2016). N: 1. 1880, a back-formation from pathogenic. 2. A specific causative agent (as a bacterium or virus) of disease. 3. An agent (virus, micro-organism or other substance) capable of producing disease

GC: n S: CDC – http://www.flu.gov/about_the_flu/h5n1/ (last access: 30 May 2016); Patinf – http://patient.info/doctor/pathogenic-free-living-amoeba (last access: 30 May 2016). N: 1. “producing disease,” 1836, from French pathogénique, from Greek pathos “disease” + French -génique “producing”. Related: Pathogenetic (1838); pathogenicity. 2. Causing or capable of causing disease. 3. Some bacteria are

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/health-topics/patient-safety#tab=tab_1 (last access: 23 June 2024); CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/patient-safety/about/index.html (last access: 23 June 2024). N: 1. As an adjective. Mid-14c., paciente, “capable of enduring misfortune, suffering, etc., without complaint,” from Old French pacient and directly from Latin patientem “bearing, supporting, suffering, enduring, permitting” (see patience).

GC: n S: LearnWHR – https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1077801208331246 (last access: 12 November 2020); The Guardian – https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jun/22/the-age-of-patriarchy-how-an-unfashionable-idea-became-a-rallying-cry-for-feminism-today (last access: 12 November 2020). N: 1. 1560s, “ecclesiastical province under a patriarch; church government by patriarchs,” from Latinized form of Greek patriarkhia, from patriarkhēs “male chief or head of a family”. Meaning “system of society

See polymerase chain reaction.

GC: n S: http://unterm.un.org/DGAACS/unterm.nsf/WebView/8C4A9053378DFC7D85256A00000773BE?OpenDocument (last access: 12 March 2013); http://www.sipri.org/databases/pko (last access: 2 September 2014). N: A peacekeeping operation is led by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), and works to create the conditions for lasting peace in a country torn by conflict. S: UN – http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/operations/ (last access: 29

Grammatical category: Term sources: Notes: Notes’ sources: Synonyms: Synonyms’ sources:

GC: n S: http://ec.europa.eu/translation/bulletins/puntoycoma/19/pyc194.htm (last access: 12 April 2012); UN – http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/operations/peacekeeping.shtml (last access: 29 July 2015). N: 1. Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. 2. Peacekeeping has unique

GC: n S: http://schools.nyc.gov/offices/health/pediculosis/default.htm (last access: 28 August 2014); NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14699358 (last access: 11 October 2015). N: 1. pediculosis (n.): “lice infestation,” 1809, with -osis + pediculus, diminutive of pedis “a louse,” said in some sources to be akin to pedere “to break wind” (see petard) on notion of

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/emergencies/WHO_NHD_00.10/en/ (last access: 4 September 2014); https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000342.htm (last access: 4 September 2014); http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4821 (last access: 4 September 2014). N: 1. chronic disease caused by dietary deficiency and characterized by skin eruptions, 1811, a hybrid formed from Latin pellis “skin” (see film (n.)) + Greek agra

GC: n S: Ponant – https://escales.ponant.com/en/auk-vs-penguins/ (last access: 19 July 2024); NatGeo – https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/penguins-1 (last access: 19 July 2024). N: 1. 1570s, originally used of the great auk of Newfoundland (now extinct; the last two known birds were killed in 1844); the shift in meaning to the Antarctic swimming bird