GC: n
S: BBC – https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67489395 (last access: 11 January 2024); NBC –https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fentanyl-stimulants-drives-fourth-wave-overdose-epidemic-us-rcna104953 (last access: 11 January 2024).
N: 1. The term fentanyl is apparently formed within English, by derivation. It is formed by comb. form phen- + the noun anilide which is a species of alkalamide + the suffix ‑yl, formerly occasionally -ule, a terminal element of chemical terms.
The earliest known use of the noun fentanyl is in the 1960s. OED’s earliest evidence for fentanyl is from 1963, in the writing of P.A.J. Janssen.
2. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid narcotic analgesic C22H28N2O with pharmacological action similar to morphine that is administered transdermally as a skin patch and in the form of its citrate C22H28N2O·C6H8O7 is administered orally or parenterally (as by intravenous or epidural injection).
3. Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is similar to morphine but is 50 to 100 times more potent.
It is a prescription drug that is also made and used illegally. Like morphine, it is a medicine that is typically used to treat patients with severe pain, especially after surgery. It is also sometimes used to treat patients with chronic pain who are physically tolerant to other opioids. Tolerance occurs when you need a higher and/or more frequent amount of a drug to get the desired effects.
4. Fentanyl is a potent synthetic μ receptor–stimulating opioid and was first synthesized by Dr. Paul Janssen and the Janssen Company of Beerse, Belgium, in December 1960. The drug was first used as an intravenous analgesic clinically in Europe in 1963 and in the United States in 1968 and since then has become one of the world’s most important and frequently used opioid analgesics. Today, fentanyl is the opioid most often used intravenously for intraoperative analgesia in the United States, the rest of North America, Central and South America, throughout Europe, the Middle East, and most of developed Asia and Africa
5. Fentanyl is a Schedule II narcotic under the United States Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
6. Cultural interrelation. We can mention the book The Least of Us: True Tales of America and Hope in the Time of Fentanyl and Meth from Sam Quinones (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021).
S: 1. Etymonline – https://www.oed.com/dictionary/fentanyl_n?tl=true (last access: 11 January 2024). 2. MW – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fentanyl (last access: 11 January 2024). 3. NIDA –https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl (last access: 11 January 2024). 4. JPain – https://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(14)00905-5/pdf (last access: 11 January 2024). 5. DEA – https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Fentanyl-2020_0.pdf (last access: 11 January 2024). 6. Amazon – https://www.amazon.com/Least-Us-Tales-America-Fentanyl/dp/1635574358 (last access: 11 January 2024).
SYN:
S:
CR: addiction, analgesic, cocaine, codeine, detoxification, drug, drug addict, drug addiction, drug product, drug substance, endorphin, heroin, medication, medicine, morphine, narcotic, narcotic (2), opium, overdose, pharmacology, withdrawal syndrome.
