GC: n
S: SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0002961094900035 (last access: 20 December 2023); NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209710/ (last access: 20 December 2023).
N: 1. late 14c., “infectious disease; contaminated condition;” from Old French infeccion “contamination, poisoning” (13c.) and directly from Late Latin infectionem (nominative infectio) “infection, contagion,” noun of action from past participle stem of Latin inficere “to spoil, to stain” (see infect). Meaning “communication of disease by agency of air or water” (distinguished from contagion, which is body-to-body communication), is from the 1540s.
2. The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent. An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (bodywide). Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections. For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
3. In many cases, the immune system can stop these pathogens from multiplying in the body. If not, serious damage can result. The microorganism uses that person’s body to sustain itself, reproduce, and colonize. These infectious microscopic organisms are known as pathogens, and they can multiply quickly.
4. Infection, often the first step, occurs when bacteria, viruses or other microbes that cause disease enter your body and begin to multiply. Disease occurs when the cells in your body are damaged (as a result of the infection) and signs and symptoms of an illness appear.
5. Collocations: noun + adjective / verb + noun / noun + verb / prep + noun / noun + prep / phrases.
- n + adj. heavy, nasty, serious, severe | mild, minor, moderate | acute | chronic | recurrent | further | primary, secondary | new | rare | bacterial, fungal, viral | chest, ear, etc. | respiratory, urinary, etc. | herpes, HIV, etc.
- v + n. have, suffer (from) | be at risk from/of, be prone/susceptible/vulnerable to | be exposed to | acquire, catch, contract, develop, get | pass (on), spread, transmit | carry | guard against, protect sb/sth from | avoid, prevent | combat, fight | fight off, kill | recover from | leave/make sb susceptible to, leave/make sb vulnerable to | die from/of | diagnose (sb with) | treat (sb for.
- n + v. develop, occur | spread | cause sth, result in sth.
- prep + n / n + prep. in~ In acute infections of the urinary tract the patient may suffer severe pain. | ~ by infection of people by the virus | ~ from infection from sewage water | ~ through infection through unsafe sex | ~ with infection with bacteria.
- phrases. a cause of infection, the onset of infection The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection. | resistance to infection Taking vitamin C builds up your resistance to infection. | a risk of infection, a site of infection (medical) The urethra was the primary site of infection | a source of infection We are trying to trace the source of infection. | the spread of infection.
6. Cultural Interrelation: We can mention Listopia: Infection Novels.
S: 1. Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=infection (last access: 20 December 2023). 2. RxList – https://www.rxlist.com/infection/definition.htm (last access: 21 December 2023). 3. MNT – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/196271 (last access: 18.12.2023). 4. MAYO – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289#:~:text=Infection%2C%20often%20the%20first%20step,symptoms%20of%20an%20illness%20appear (last access: 18.12.2023). 5. OCD – https://www.freecollocation.com/search?word=infection (last access: 21 December 2023). 6. GR – https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/77492.Infection_Novels (last access: 21 December 2023).
SYN:
S:
CR: contagion, desinfection, disease, HIV infection, infestation, sepsis, septicemia, toxi-infection, urinary tract infection.
