GC: n
S: ICC – https://www.icc-cpi.int/court-record/icc-01/12-01/15-171-0 (last access: 15 January 2025); LII – https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcrmp/rule_32 (last access: 15 January 2025).
N: 1. Mid 13c. Meaning “action of trying at law, trial,” also “capacity for making decisions,” from Old French jugement “legal judgment; diagnosis; the Last Judgment” (11c.), from jugier “to judge”.
From late 13c. as “penalty imposed by a court;” early 14c. as “any authoritative decision, verdict in a court case.” From late 14c. in reference to the final trial of the human race in a future state (Judgment Day attested from late 14c.). Also from c. 1300 as “opinion.” Sense of “discernment” is first recorded 1530s. By 1610s as “a divine allotment, event regarded as an expression of divine displeasure.”
2. judgment, in all legal systems, a decision of a court adjudicating the rights of the parties to a legal action before it. A final judgment is usually a prerequisite of review of a court’s decision by an appellate court, thus preventing piecemeal and fragmentary appeals on interlocutory (provisional) rulings (see interlocutory decree).
3. Decisions (Practice and Procedural Law): judgment, judgement.
- A judicial decision[,] given by a judge or court.
- The term “judgment,” which means a judicial decision, is a generic term compared to “arrêt.” The English language doesn’t have a term as specific as “arrêt,” and uses “judgment” for both trial-level and appeal-level courts. The French language, on the other hand, uses “arrêt,” a term that refers only to judicial decisions of an appeal-level court, up to the Supreme Court of Canada (the country’s top court).
- French equivalent: arrêt.
- Spanish equivalent: fallo.
4. Sentencing: sentence.
- The punishment ordered by a court to be inflicted upon a person convicted of a crime.
- French equivalent: peine.
- Spanish equivalent: pena.
Decisions (Practice and Procedural Law); Sentencing: sentence.
- A court judgment, especially a judicial decision of the punishment to be inflicted on one adjudged guilty.
- French equivalent: condamnation.
- Spanish equivalent: condena.
5. Difference between judgement and sentence
- Judgement is sometimes confused with sentence, as both judgement and sentence refer to the decision of the court at the end of a trial, but they are used differently, furthermore, both terms have procedural and substantive meanings.
- Judgment is the official decision of a court finally resolving the dispute between the parties to the civil action. In contrast, sentence is used in criminal law, as it is the punishment for the crime as decided by the court.
- There is another difference between these terms in criminal law, where the judgment is the legal decision of a judge in the matter of alleged crime, while sentence follows the judgement and sets forth the punishment for the crime.
6. Collocations:
- adjective + noun (judgment): accurate | balanced | impartial, independent, objective | personal, subjective | intuitive | qualitative | harsh | snap | definitive.
- verb + noun (judgement): form, make | express | confirm | come to, reach | deliver, give, pass, pronounce | reserve, suspend | obtain, win | reverse | abide by.
- : in sb’s ~ | ~ about | ~ against | ~ as to | ~ on.
7. Cultural Interrelation: We can mention
S: 1. Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/word/judgement#etymonline_v_6525 (last access: 15 January 2025). 2. EncBrit – https://www.britannica.com/topic/judgment-law (last access: 15 January 2025). 3 & 4. TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=judgment&index=alt&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs, https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=sentence&index=alt&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 16 January 2025). 5. AnglStud – https://egyetemi.anglofon.hu/blog/difference-between-judgement-and-sentence/ (last access: 16 January 2025). 6. OZDIC – https://ozdic.com/collocation/judgement (last access: 14 January 2025). 7. Amazon – https://www.amazon.com/Novel-Judgements-Legal-Theory-Fiction/dp/041545915X (last access: 15 January 2025).
OV: judgement
S: EncBrit – https://www.britannica.com/topic/judgment-law (last access: 16 January 2025); MW – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/judgment (last access: 16 January 2025); TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=judgment&index=alt&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 16 January 2025).
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