GC: n

S: SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/anopheles (last access: 15 August 2024); PAHO – https://www3.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2012/2012-Training-manual-malaria-entomology.pdf (last access: 15 August 2024).

N: 1. anopheline (adj & n). The earliest known use of the word anopheline is in the 1910s. OED’s earliest evidence for anopheline is from 1915, in Indian Journal of Medical Research.

• anopheline (noun): any mosquito of the genus Anopheles.

  anopheline (adjective): relating to or characteristic of malaria mosquitoes.
• anopheles (noun). any of a genus (Anopheles) of mosquitoes that includes all mosquitoes which transmit malaria to humans.
• Anopheles (n). genus of mosquitoes, Modern Latin, coined 1818 by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen from Greek anopheles “hurtful, harmful,” literally “useless,” from an- “not, without” (see an- (1)) + ophelos “use, help, advantage” (from PIE root *obhel- “to avail;” see Ophelia). So called because it conveys malaria.

2. Insects, Centipedes, Spiders, and Scorpions: anopheline.

• a mosquito of [the Anopheles] genus.

3. Insects, Centipedes, Spiders, and Scorpions: anopheles.

• Any mosquito of the genus Anopheles, certain species of which are vectors of the parasite causing malaria in humans, distinguished from other mosquitos by the absence of breathing tubes in the larvae and by the head-downward stance of the adult while resting or feeding.

4. Anopheline species complexes in South and South-East Asia.

• Vector-borne diseases are a major health problem in the South-East Asia Region and in other parts of the world. There are about 4500 mosquito species in existence; species belonging to the anopheles genus transmit malaria. Combating malaria is part of the Millenium Development Goals, and vector control is a key strategy both regionally and globally. Therefore, the review and dissemination of information on vector species is critically important. Most of the anophelines that are involved in the transmission of malaria in South and South-East Asia have been identified as species complexes. Members of a species complex are reproductively isolated evolutionary units with distinct gene pools and, hence, they differ in their biological characteristics. In 1998, WHO published Anopheline species complexes in South-East Asia. New identification tools have been developed since then, and therefore this updated edition is being published. It summarizes work that has been done on anopheline cryptic species and will be highly valuable to researchers, field entomologists and malaria-control programme managers.

S: 1. OED/OD – https://www.oed.com/dictionary/anopheline_adj?tl=true (last access: 15 August 2024); Vocab – https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/anopheline (last access: 15 August 2024); MW – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anopheles (last access: 15 August 2024); Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=anopheles (last access: 15 August 2024). 2 & 3. TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=ANOPHELINE&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 15 August 2024). 4. WHO – https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/204779 (last access: 15 August 2024).

SYN: anopheles

S: MW – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anopheles (last access: 15 August 2024); ERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=ANOPHELINE&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 15 August 2024).

CR: culicine mosquito, malaria, mosquito, Stegomyia albopicta, Toxorhynchites rutilus.