culicine mosquito
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GC: n

S: SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471492213001554 (last access: last access: 15 August 2024); SL – https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-16334-2_6 (last access: 15 August 2024).

N: 1. – culicine (n): another word for culex (in British English).

  • culex (n): any mosquito of the genus Culex, such as C. pipiens, the common mosquito (in British English). C15: from Latin: midge, gnat; related to Old Irish cuil gnat.

– mosquito (n): name given to gnat-like insects the females of which bite animals and draw blood through a piercing and sucking proboscis, 1580s, from Spanish mosquito “little gnat,” diminutive of mosca “fly,” from Latin musca “fly,” from PIE root *mu- “gnat, fly” (compare Sanskrit maksa-, Greek myia, Old English mycg, Modern English midge, Old Church Slavonic mucha), perhaps imitative of the sound of humming insects. Related: Mosquital. Mosquito-hawk as a name for a kind of dragon-fly which preys on mosquitoes is from 1737. Mosquito-net “gauze or other fabric used as a screen against mosquitoes” is from 1745.

2. Culicine mosquitoes are vectors of human disease-causing pathogens like filarial worms and several arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Currently, there has been an increase in emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases along coastal Kenya, which has been of major concern in public health. This study aimed at determining culicine mosquito species abundance, diversity and their host feeding preferences in Taita-Taveta County, Coastal Kenya. Entomological sampling was done during the long-wet season (March and May) and long dry season (June to October) 2016−2018. Mosquito sampling was done using CDC light traps and Backpack aspiration for indoor and outdoor environments. All culicine mosquitoes collected were identified morphologically and categorized according to their physiological status. Blood fed culicine mosquitoes were tested for bloodmeal sources using ELISA. In total, 3,278 culicine mosquitoes were collected, of which 738 (22.5 %) were found indoors and 2,540, (77.5 %) outdoors. The mosquitoes consisted of 18 species belonging to four genera: Aedes (7), Culex (8), Mansonia (2), and Coquillettidia (1). Overall, there was high mosquito species diversity (H) in outdoors (H = 2.4339) than in indoors (H =2.2523), whereas even distribution (EH) was higher in indoors (EH = 0.9064) than outdoors (EH = 0.8266). Majorly the bloodmeals identified were from multiple host sources with (51.6%), single hosts (41.3%), and unidentified (7.2%). This study has demonstrated a high diversity of culicine mosquitoes with relaxed feeding tendencies. These mosquitoes are contributing to mosquito biting nuisance and the likelihood of exposure of populations to diseases of public health.

3. Insects, Centipedes, Spiders, and Scorpions: Culex.

  • A genus of insects of the family Culicidae which belongs to the order Diptera.
  • Adult females feed on plant juices, and usually require a blood meal from birds or mammals (hosts vary according to species) to allow egg development, adult males do not bite.
  • Culex: There is no common name for this genus of insects according to Termium Plus (Canada), but stricto sensu that is not correct.

4. Culicine mosquitoes (Culicinae).

  • The subfamily Culicinae contains 38 genera, but as already mentioned (see Chapter 1) some taxonomists recognize many more genera, two of which are Stegomyia and Ochlerotatus. However, in this book all species attributed to these two genera are retained in the genus Aedes, with Stegomyia and Ochlerotatus recognized as subgenera.

    The medically most important genera are Culex, Aedes, Haemagogus, Sabethes and Mansonia, while Coquillettidia and Psorophora are of lesser importance. Species of Culex, Aedes and Coquillettidia are found in both temperate and tropical regions, whereas Psorophora species occur only in North, Central and South America. Haemagogus and Sabethes mosquitoes are restricted to Central and South America. Mansonia is mainly tropical.

    Certain Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of yellow fever in Africa, and Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes are yellow fever vectors in Central and South America. Aedes species are also vectors of the classical and haemorrhagic forms of dengue. All six genera of culicine mosquitoes mentioned here, as well as some others, can transmit a variety of other arboviruses. Some Culex, Aedes and Mansonia species are important vectors of filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi). Psorophora species are mainly pest mosquitoes but a few transmit arboviruses, while the Coquillettidia species Cq. crassipes is one of the vectors of brugian filariasis.

    Characters separating the subfamily Culicinae from the Anophelinae have been outlined in Chapter 1 and are summarized in Table 1.1.

    It is not easy to give a reliable and non-technical guide to the identification of the most important culicine genera.

S: 1. CED – https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/culicine (last access: 15 August 2024); Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=culicine+mosquito (last access: last access: 15 August 2024). 2. NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7613318/ (last access: last access: 15 August 2024). 3. TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=CULEX&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: last access: 15 August 2024); FCB. 4. Camb Univ Press – https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/medical-entomology-for-students/culicine-mosquitoes-culicinae/D5EEF8820B5EE3B6B896BEE242AFBE99 (last access: last access: 15 August 2024).

SYN:
S:

CR: Aedes aegypti, Aedes japonicus, anopheline, insect, mosquito, Stegomyia albopicta, Toxorhynchites rutilus, West Nile virus.