GC: n

S: PT – https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-new-brain/201604/the-science-violence (last access: 29 November 2019); WHO – https://www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/definition/en/ (last access: 29 November 2019).

N: 1. Late 13c., “physical force used to inflict injury or damage,” from Anglo-French and Old French violence (13c.), from Latin violentia “vehemence, impetuosity,” from violentus “vehement, forcible,” probably related to violare (see violation). Weakened sense of “improper treatment” is attested from 1590s.

2. The concept of violence is contested, and definitions generally reflect moral and political motivations. A relatively neutral definition is “psychological or physical force exerted for the purpose of injuring, damaging, or abusing people or property” (US Department of Justice, 1996:D-3). (+) (FEWER)

• Violence, cultural: New term introduced by J. Galtung; “hose aspects of culture, the symbolic sphere of our existence – exemplified by religion and ideology, language and art, empirical science and formal science (logic, mathematics) – that can be used to justify, legitimise, or direct structural violence” (Galtung, 1996:196). (FEWER)
• Violence, psychological: Indirect acts of negative influence that aim to affect or arouse fear or break mental resistance of a target audience by indoctrination (brainwashing), misinformation, propaganda, blackmail or terror. (FEWER)
• Violence, structural: Introduced by J. Galtung this is a broad concept referring to concealed violence in unjust, unequal and unrepresentative social structures, and to situations in which the “actual somatic and mental realisations of human beings are below their potential realisations.” (cit. International Alert, II:5). (FEWER)

S: 1. Etymonline – http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=violence (last access: 29 May 2015). 2. RWP – http://www.who.int/hac/about/reliefweb-aug2008.pdf (last access: 4 August 2015) (p. 56).

SYN:
S:

CR: humanitarian protection, mental health, rape, Stockholm syndrome, threats.