GC: n

S: 1. WHO – http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/81/9/Ehrlich.pdf (last access: 16 November 2014); NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572334/ (last access: 3 October 2022).

N: 1. From “low” (“not high, below the usual level,” late 13c., earlier lah -late 12c.-, “not rising much, being near the base or ground” -of objects or persons-, also “lying on the ground or in a deep place” -late 13c.-), “back” (Old English bæc “back,” from Proto-Germanic *bakam -cognates: Old Saxon and Middle Dutch bak, Old Frisian bek–, with no known connections outside Germanic) and “pain” (late 13c., peine, “the agony suffered by Christ;” c. 1300, “punishment,” especially for a crime, “legal punishment of any sort” -including fines and monetary penalties-; also “condition one feels when hurt, opposite of pleasure,” including mental or emotional suffering, grief, distress; from Old French peine “difficulty, woe, suffering, punishment, Hell’s torments” (11c.), from Latin poena “punishment, penalty, retribution, indemnification” -in Late Latin also “torment, hardship, suffering”-, from Greek poinē “retribution, penalty, quit-money for spilled blood,” from PIE *kwei- “to pay, atone, compensate”).
2. Pain affecting the lumbar region.
3. To understand various causes of low back pain, it is important to appreciate the normal design (anatomy) of the tissues of this area of the body. Important structures of the low back that can be related to symptoms in this region include the bony lumbar spine (vertebrae, singular = vertebra), discs between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine and discs, spinal cord and nerves, muscles of the low back, internal organs of the pelvis and abdomen, and the skin covering the lumbar area.
4. lumbago: A nonmedical term for any pain in the lower back.
5. lumbago: Pain in the lumbar region caused by a muscle strain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or a herniated intervertebral disk.

S: 1. OED – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=low+back+pain (last access: 3 October 2022). 2. TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=low+back+pain&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 3 October 2022). 3. MN – http://www.medicinenet.com/low_back_pain/article.htm (last access: 16 November 2014). 4. DORLAND p. 1076. 5. MOSBY.

SYN: lumbar pain, lumbodynia, low back syndrome. (depending on context)

S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4472590/ (last access: 3 October 2022); NIH – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237124/ (last access: 3 October 2022); GDT – https://gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=8382167 (last access: 3 October 2022).

CR: cervicodynia, dorsalgia, epidural anesthesia, rheumatoid arthritis.