kyphosis
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GC: n

S: MDCN – https://goo.gl/mrvA9J (last access: 10 November 2017); SPNH – https://goo.gl/3Pobyh (last access: 8.11.2017).

N: 1. “angular curvature of the spine,” 1854 (in a translation from German, where it is attested by 1783), from Greek kyphos “crooked” and the word-forming element -osis expressing state or condition, in medical terminology denoting “a state of disease,” from Latin –osis and directly from Greek -osis, formed from the aorist of verbs ending in -o; it corresponds to Latin -atio.
2. Abnormally increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine as seen from the side.
3. Typology:

  • Postural Kyphosis: Postural kyphosis is caused by poor posture and a weakening of the muscles and ligaments in the back. This can occur with slouching and carrying heavy bags, which can stretch the back ligaments and muscles, pulling the thoracic vertebrae out of their normal position.
  • Scheuermann’s Kyphosis: Most common in the upper back (the thoracic spine), Scheuermann’s kyphosis is the result of a structural deformity of the vertebrae and occurs when the front sections of the vertebrae grow slower than the back sections.
  • Congenital Kyphosis: it is the least common type of abnormal kyphosis. It is caused in the first six to eight weeks of embryonic life as a result of a genetic mistake. This defect causes a failure of formation or failure of segmentation on the front part of one or more vertebral bodies and disc. As a result, the spine develops on a sharp forward angle as it grows, which is kyphosis.

4. When quite severe, the kyphosis is commonly termed hunchback or humpback.

S: 1. OED – https://www.etymonline.com/word/kyphosis; https://www.etymonline.com/word/-osis (last access: 10 November 2017). 2. TMD – https://goo.gl/DTq5C6 (last access: 10 November 2017). 3. NYN – https://goo.gl/EHPKdv (last access: 10 November 2017). 4. SPINEU – https://goo.gl/mL2etz (last access: 10 November 2017). 5. TERMIUM PLUS – http://www.goo.gl/38v3ER (last access: 10 November 2017).

GV: cyphosis

S: TERMIUM – http://www.goo.gl/38v3ER (last access: 10 November 2017)

SYN: physiological kyphosis, regular kyphosis.

S: SPINEU – https://goo.gl/YAv3K9; NCBI – https://goo.gl/FwDVv8 (last access: 8.11.2017).

CR: spinal cord, trauma.