international migration
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GC: n

S: WHO – https://bit.ly/2BjmDsA (last access: 9 December 2014); OHCHR – https://bit.ly/2s21wER (last access: 9 December 2014).

N: 1. – international (adj): 1780, apparently coined by Jeremy Bentham from “inter-” (Latin inter, “among, between, betwixt, in the midst of,” from PIE enter “between, among”) and “national” (1590s, from Middle French national (from Old French nation), and also from nation + –al ; as a noun, “citizen of a (particular) nation,” from 1887).
– migration (n): 1610s, of persons, 1640s of animals, from Latin migrationem (nominative migratio) “a removal, change of abode, migration,” noun of action from past participle stem of migrare “to move from one place to another”.
2. An international migration is produced when any person changes his or her country of origin or usual residence.
3. Mainly, there are four types of international migrations:

  • Forced migration: refers to asylum-seekers, refugees and internally displaced persons. It may be the result of, e.g., conflict, human rights violations, state fragility, development policies and projects, and natural and man-made disasters.
  • Voluntary migration: Forced migration refers to asylum-seekers, refugees and internally displaced persons. It may be the result of, e.g., conflict, human rights violations, state fragility, development policies and projects, and natural and man-made disasters.
  • A short-term migration: a person moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least three months but less than one year, except in cases where the movement to that country is for purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.
  • A long-term migration: a person does this for a period of at least one year.

S: 1. OED – https://bit.ly/1oDEPS9 (5 February 2019). 2 & 3. OECD – https://bit.ly/2GmdOle (5 February 2019); Legislation.org – https://bit.ly/2D8Hn6F (last access: 5 February 2019).

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CR: emigrant, forced migration, immigrant, immigration, refugees, small boat, statelessness, stateless person.