GC: n

S: OECD – https://www.oecd.org/dac/aid-architecture/OverviewChapter-MEP.pdf (last access: 30 June 2024); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/multilateral-aid (last access: 30 June 2024).

N: 1. multilateral (adj): also multi-lateral, 1690s, in geometry, “having many sides,” from multi- “many” + lateral (adj.). Figurative use, “many-sided,” is by 1748. Meaning “pertaining to three or more countries” is from 1802 (based on bilateral). Related: Multilaterally.

– aid (n): early 15c., aide, “war-time tax,” also “help, support, assistance,” from Old French aide, earlier aiudha “aid, help, assistance,” from Late Latin adiuta, noun use of fem. of adiutus, past participle of Latin adiuvare “to give help to,” from ad “to” (see ad-) + iuvare “to help, give strength, support, sustain,” which is from a PIE source perhaps related to the root of iuvenis “young person” (see young (adj.)).

2. Multilateral aid is assistance provided by governments to international organisations like the United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF). These organisations seek to reduce poverty in developing nations. In 2013-14, the Australian Government provided approximately $601.2 million in ODA to United Nations agencies, and $483 million to the World Bank Group.

3. Economic Co-operation and Development: Multilateral aid is disbursed by “International Financial Institutions” of which the IMF and the World Bank are the best known.

S: 1. Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=multilateral+aid (last access: 30 June 2024). 2. WVI – https://www.worldvision.com.au/docs/default-source/school-resources/what-are-the-different-types-of-aid-(updated).pdf?sfvrsn=39ec3951_0 (last access: 30 June 2024). 3. TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=MULTILATERAL+AID&index=alt&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 30 June 2024).

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CR: bilateral aid