GC: n
S: UNDP – https://bit.ly/2QvS892 (last access: 7 January 2019); UNESCO – https://bit.ly/2TzJOFU (last access: 7 January 2019).
N: 1. – human (adj): mid-15c., humain, humaigne, “human,” from Old French humain, umain (adj.) “of or belonging to man” (12c.), from Latin humanus “of man, human,” also “humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, polite; learned, refined, civilized.” This is in part from PIE *(dh)ghomon-, literally “earthling, earthly being,” as opposed to the gods (from root *dhghem- “earth”), but there is no settled explanation of the sound changes involved. Compare Hebrew adam “man,” from adamah “ground.” Cognate with Old Lithuanian žmuo (accusative žmuni) “man, male person.”
Human interest is from 1824. Human rights attested by 1680s; human being by 1690s. Human relations is from 1916; human resources attested by 1907, American English, apparently originally among social Christians and based on natural resources. Human comedy “sum of human activities” translates French comédie humaine (Balzac).
– development (n): 1756, “a gradual unfolding, a full working out or disclosure of the details of something;” see develop + -ment. Meaning “the internal process of expanding and growing” is by 1796; sense of “advancement through progressive stages” is by 1836.
Of property, with a sense of “a bringing out of the latent possibilities” for use or profit, from 1885 (Pickering’s glossary of Americanisms, 1816, has betterments “The improvements made on new lands, by cultivation, and the erection of buildings, &c.”). Meaning “state of economic advancement” is from 1902.
2. Since the concept and the first policies were launched a substantial progress in many aspects of human development had happened. Most people today are healthier, live longer, are more educated and have more access to goods and services. Even in countries facing adverse economic conditions, people’s health and education have greatly improved. And there has been progress not only in improving health and education and raising income, but also in expanding people’s power to select leaders, influence public decisions and share knowledge.
3. This concept is mainly developed by the UNDP, United Nations Development Program, and it have a very wide presence on the Millennium Goals.
4. Human development is measured by the human development index (HDI), which combines indicators of education, health and income sufficient to ensure adequate living standards.
S: 1. OED – https://bit.ly/2H08hme (last access: 7 January 2019). 2 & 3. UNDP – https://bit.ly/1mVAXZT (last access: 7 January 2019). 4. UNESCO – https://bit.ly/2FdhWUP (last access: 7 January 2019).
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CR: ecofeminism, human rights
