GC: n

S: http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/cl.htm (last access: 14 October 2012); http://bioredox.mysite.com/CLOXhtml/CLOXilus.htm (last access: 7 July 2015).

N: 1. onmetallic element, the name coined 1810 by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) from Latinized form of Greek khloros “pale green” (see Chloe) + chemical suffix -ine (2). Named for its color. Discovered 1774, but known at first as oxymuriatic acid gas, or dephlogisticated marine acid.
2. Rock salt (common salt, or sodium chloride) has been known for several thousand years; it is the main constituent of the salts dissolved in seawater, from which it was obtained in ancient Egypt by evaporation. In Roman times, soldiers were partially paid in salt (salarium, the root of the modern word salary). In 1648 the German chemist Johann Rudolf Glauber obtained a strong acid, which he called spirit of salt, by heating moist salt in a charcoal furnace and condensing the fumes in a receiver. Later he obtained the same product, now known to be hydrochloric acid, by heating salt with sulfuric acid.
In 1774 the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele treated powdered black oxide of manganese with hydrochloric acid and obtained a greenish-yellowish gas, which he failed to recognize as an element. The true nature of the gas as an element was recognized in 1810 by English chemist Humphry Davy,
3. chlorine (Cl), chemical element, second lightest member of the halogen elements, or Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. Chlorine is a toxic, corrosive, greenish-yellow gas that is irritating to the eyes and to the respiratory system.

S: 1. OED – http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chlorine (last access: 2 September 2014). 2 & 3. EncBrit – http://global.britannica.com/science/chlorine (last access: 7 July 2015).

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CR: bleach, chloroquine, phosgene.