GC: n

S: WHO – http://apps.who.int/rhl/newborn/reviews/cd000950/en/index.html (last access: 26 October 2016); NIH – https://goo.gl/ivVZry (last access: 21 October 2016 ); PMC – https://goo.gl/6MitLp (last access: 21 October 2016).

N: 1. Its name is derived from the Latin carnus (flesh), as the compound was isolated from meat.
2. Substance that helps the body turn fat into energy. Your body makes it in the liver and kidneys and stores it in the skeletal muscles, heart, brain, and sperm.
3. Carnitine is the generic term for a number of compounds that include L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine.
4. Carnitine has been proposed as a treatment for many conditions because it acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidants fight harmful particles in the body known as free radicals, which damage cells and tamper with DNA. Antioxidants can neutralize free radicals and may reduce or help prevent some of the damage they cause.
Carnitine may help treat are certain conditions. Serious diseases require conventional medical treatment, and you should talk to your health care provider before taking carnitine. For other conditions, such as fatigue or improving athletic performance, carnitine seems safe but may not help much.
5. Research suggests that carnitine can be used along with conventional treatment for stable angina. Several clinical trials show that L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine can help reduce symptoms of angina and improve the ability of people with angina to exercise without chest pain. DO NOT self treat chest pain with carnitine, however. See your health care provider for diagnosis and conventional treatment, and take carnitine only under your provider’s supervision.
6. A few studies suggest that carnitine may help when used with conventional medicines after a heart attack, but not all studies agree. Some small studies suggest that people who take L-carnitine supplements soon after a heart attack may be less likely to have another heart attack, die of heart disease, have chest pain and abnormal heart rhythms, or develop heart failure. However, other studies show no benefit. Treatment with oral carnitine may also improve muscle weakness. Carnitine should be used along with conventional medication under your provider’s supervision.

S: 1. NIH – https://goo.gl/ivVZry (last access: 21 October 2016). 2. UMMC – https://goo.gl/FBDuxR (last access: 21 October 2016). 3. NIH – https://goo.gl/ivVZry (last access: 21 October 2016). 4 to 6. UMMC – https://goo.gl/FBDuxR (last access: 21 October 2016)

SYN:
S:

CR: alanine, amino acid, mitochondrion, ubiquitin.