botulinum toxin
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GC: n

S: PMC / NCBI – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2856357/ (last access: 3 November 2024); NIH – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557387/ (last access: 3 November 2024).

N: 1. – botulinum (n): New Latin, from Latin botulus sausage. The first known use of botulinum was in 1916.

  • Variants or less commonly “botulinus”.
  • botulinal (adjective).
  • A spore-forming bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) that secretes botulinum toxin.
  • Botox: a commercial name for botulinum toxin, and composed of elements from those words, approved in U.S. as a temporary cosmetic injection in 2002.

– toxin (n): “organic poison,” especially one produced by bacteria in an animal body, 1886, from “tox-“, from Greek toxon (see toxic) + “-in” (2).

2. botulinum toxin: A neurotoxin formed by botulinum that causes botulism and that is injected in a purified form for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes (as to treat blepharospasm and reduce wrinkles).

3. botulinum toxin: Also known as: botulin, botulinus toxin.

  • botulinum toxin, poisonous protein made by Clostridium botulinum and several closely related species of bacteria that causes botulism, a condition characterized by neurotoxicity, primarily muscle paralysis. Botulinum toxin also has therapeutic and cosmetic applications.

4. Microbiology and Parasitology; CBRNE Weapons: botulinum toxin, botulinal toxin, BTX, botulinus toxin.

  • The toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum responsible for botulism (food poisoning).
  • The usual laboratory test in suspected cases [of botulism] is analysis of serum, stool, gastric contents, and/or food for botulinum toxin and analysis of stool and/or food for C. botulinum.

5. Microbiology and Parasitology; Human Diseases: type A botulinum toxin, botulinum toxin A.

  • Crystalline type A toxin has a molecular weight of 900,000, and a neurotoxin of molecular weight 150,000 can be separated from it.
  • botulinum toxin: The protein exotoxin released by Clostridium botulinum.

S: 1. Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=botulinum+toxin (last access: 3 November 2024); MW – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/botulinum (last access: 3 November 2024). 2. MW – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/botulinum%20toxin (last access: 3 November 2024). 3. EncBrit – https://www.britannica.com/science/botulinum-toxin (last access: 3 November 2024). 4 & 5. TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=BOTULINUM+TOXIN&index=alt&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 3 November 2024).

SYN: botulinal toxin, BTX, botulinus toxin.

S: TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=BOTULINUM+TOXIN&index=alt&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 3 November 2024)

CR: botulism, Escherichia coli.