GC: n

S: WHO – http://www.who.int/genomics/public/geneticdiseases/en/index1.html (last access: 30 October 2015); NDSS – http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/ (last access: 30 October 2015).

N: 1. In 1866, Down described clinical characteristics of the syndrome that now bears his name. In 1959, Lejeune and Jacobs independently determined that Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, Down syndrome is by far the most common and best known chromosome disorder in humans. Mental retardation, dysmorphic facial features, and other distinctive phenotypic traits characterize the syndrome.
2. Down’s Syndrome used to be called “mongolism”, “mongolism idiocy”, or “Kalmuc idiocy.”
3. Criticized and obsolete terms used for Down syndrome: mongolism, mongoloid idiocy, mongolian idiocy, mongoloid imbecility, mongolian imbecility.

S: 1 & 2 TERMIUM PLUS (last access: 30 October 2015). 3. GDT – http://www.granddictionnaire.com/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=8873856 (last access: 30 October 2015); FCB.

SYN: Down’s syndrome, trisomy 21, Langdon Down syndrome (not common), trisomy 21 syndrome (not common).

S: GDT – http://www.granddictionnaire.com/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=8873856 (last access: 30 October 2015)

CR: amniocentesis, syndrome.