GC: n
S: WHO – http://www.who.int/respiratory/other/Rhinitis_sinusitis/en/ (last access: 17. November 2016); Medplus – https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000813.htm (last access: 17. November 2016).
N: 1. 1829, medical Latin, from rhino- (before vowels rhin-, word-forming element meaning “nose, of the nose,” from Greek rhino-, comb. form of rhis “nose,” which is of uncertain origin) “nose” + -itis (word-forming element in medicine denoting “diseases characterized by inflammation” (of the specified part), Modern Latin, from Greek -itis, feminine of adjectival suffix -ites “pertaining to”; feminine because it was used with an implied nosos “disease,” a feminine noun; especially in arthritis (nosos) “(disease) of the joints”; arthritis (16c.) was one of the earliest appearances of the suffix in English and from it the suffix was abstracted in other uses).
2. The first accurate description is from the 10th century physician Rhazes. Pollen was identified as the cause in 1859 by Charles Blackley. In 1906 the mechanism was determined by Clemens von Pirquet. The link with hay came about due to an early (and incorrect) theory that the symptoms were brought about by the smell of new hay
3. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a heterogeneous disorder that despite its high prevalence is often undiagnosed. It is characterized by one or more symptoms including sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. Many causative agents have been linked to AR including pollens, molds, dust mites, and animal dander.
4. Allergic rhinitis is triggered by allergens. Allergens can be found both outdoors and indoors. When allergic rhinitis is caused by outdoor allergens, e.g., mould or trees, grass and weed pollens — it is often referred to as seasonal allergies, or “hay fever”. Allergic rhinitis may also be triggered by allergens found in the home, such as animal dander, indoor mould, or house dust mites. The most current classification of allergic rhinitis, tough, takes into consideration the intensity of symptoms and the impact on quality of life. According to these characteristics it may be mild or moderate/severe.
5. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is fairly easy to identify because of the rapid and reproducible onset and offset of symptoms in association with pollen exposure. Perennial AR is often more difficult to detect than SAR because of the overlap with sinusitis, respiratory infections, and vasomotor rhinitis. SAR can result in hyperresponsiveness to allergens such as cigarette smoke, once pollen season is over. Perennial AR is defined as occurring during approximately 9 months of the year.
6. Rhinitis may be acute (short-lived) or chronic (long-standing). Acute rhinitis commonly results from viral infections but may also be a result of allergies, bacteria, or other causes. Chronic rhinitis usually occurs with chronic sinusitis (chronic rhinosinusitis). The various forms of rhinitis are treated in various ways, such as with antibiotics, antihistamines, surgery, desensitization injections (sometimes called allergy shots), and avoidance of irritants.
S: 1. OED – http://goo.gl/taFYks; http://goo.gl/aENMnA;”>http://goo.gl/aENMnA; http://goo.gl/aENMnA (last access: 20. November 2016). 2. AYP – http://goo.gl/4k6V8M (last access: 18. November 2016); BBC – http://goo.gl/tEHwP (last access: 18. November 2016). 3. NCBI – http://goo.gl/6cwQc6 (last access: 18. November 2016). 4. WHO – http://www.who.int/respiratory/other/Rhinitis_sinusitis/en/ (last access: 18. November 2016). 5. NCBI – http://goo.gl/6cwQc6 (last access: 18. November 2016). 6. MSD – http://goo.gl/3nNMXE (last access: 18. November 2016)
SYN:
S:
CR: aeroallergen, allergy, asthma, Churg-Strauss syndrome, mite.
