GC: n
S: NIH – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37926037/ (last access: 12 December 2024); NCBI – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7567191/ (last access: 12 December 2024).
N: 1. also finger-print, 1834, from finger (n.) + print (n.). Attempts to classify fingerprint types as a means of identification began in the 1820s; the current arch-loop-whorl system was introduced by Francis Galton in 1892. Admissibility as evidence as valid proof of guilt in murder trials in U.S. was upheld in 1912. From 1900 as a verb. Related: Fingerprinted; fingerprinting.
2. fingerprint, impression made by the papillary ridges on the ends of the fingers and thumbs. Fingerprints afford an infallible means of personal identification, because the ridge arrangement on every finger of every human being is unique and does not alter with growth or age. Fingerprints serve to reveal an individual’s true identity despite personal denial, assumed names, or changes in personal appearance resulting from age, disease, plastic surgery, or accident. The practice of utilizing fingerprints as a means of identification, referred to as dactyloscopy, is an indispensable aid to modern law enforcement.
Each ridge of the epidermis (outer skin) is dotted with sweat pores for its entire length and is anchored to the dermis (inner skin) by a double row of peglike protuberances, or papillae. Injuries such as superficial burns, abrasions, or cuts do not affect the ridge structure or alter the dermal papillae, and the original pattern is duplicated in any new skin that grows. An injury that destroys the dermal papillae, however, will permanently obliterate the ridges.
3. Medicine > Legal Medicine: fingerprint, finger print, finger-print, fingerprint trace, finger-print trace, fingerprint impression, fingermark, chance print, trace, print, dactylogram.
- ((…)) the impressions made by the ridges on the end joints of the fingers and thumbs.
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“Fingermark” and “chance print” should not be used as technical terms, they are creations of the authors mentionned.
“Finger print” and “finger-print” are very rare forms. - A dactylogram is solely “a fingerprint taken for identification purposes” and appears on a fingerprint card, whereas a fingerprint is a trace that can be found on any kind of surface.
- The term “fingerprint” is generally found in plural form.
- Difference between print, trace, and impression: print: a mark made by pressure: impression. Trace: a mark or line left by something that has passed. Impression: a stamp, form or figure resulting from physical contact.
- In police science, “print” and “impression” are mostly used to designate fingerprints taken from an individual (known prints). “Trace” is used when referring to fingerprints left on the scene of a crime, as “traces of the passage of an offender”. Usually, these traces are deformed, indistinct or blurred and cannot be analysed as true fingerprints. However, most of the authors use indiscriminately “print” and “impression” in their broad sense, when referring to any trace.
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Finally, “print” is mostly used in the expression latent print. Note: some authors use “fingerprint” in the above mentionned sense, but also to designate the figures appearing on the fingers.
4. Dactyloscopy: fingerprint (noun), dactyloscopic print (noun).
- The print or impression produced by the friction ridges of the inner surface of the fingertip.
5. Police; Criminology: fingerprint (verb).
- Phraseology: to take fingerprints of.
6. Biochemistry: fingerprint.
- The result of an analytic technique capable of distinguishing between or separating similar compounds, such as the final position on a chromatographic plate of individual peptides from a mixture of peptides subjected to two-dimensional paper chromatography.
S: 1. Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=fingerprint (last access: 12 December 2024). 2. EncBrit – https://www.britannica.com/topic/fingerprint (last access: 12 December 2024). 3. GDT – https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/fiche-gdt/fiche/17041113/empreinte-digitale (last access: 12 December 2024). 4 to 6. TERMIUM PLUS – https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&srchtxt=fingerprint&index=alt&codom2nd_wet=1#resultrecs (last access: 12 December 2024).
OV: 1. finger-print. 2. finger print.
S: 1. Etymonline – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=fingerprint (last access: 12 December 2024); GDT – https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/fiche-gdt/fiche/17041113/empreinte-digitale (last access: 12 December 2024). 2. GDT – https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/fiche-gdt/fiche/17041113/empreinte-digitale (last access: 12 December 2024).
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