cyst
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GC: n

S: HLN – https://bit.ly/2TQx9PQ (last access: 28 November 2018); MEDNT – https://bit.ly/2E2Z76a (last access: 28 November 2018).

N: 1. “bladder-like bag or vesicle in an animal body,” 1713, from Modern Latin cystis (in English as a Latin word from 1540s), from Greek kystis “bladder, pouch,” which is of uncertain etymology.
2. A closed, sac-like pocket of tissue that can form anywhere in the body. It may be filled with fluid, air, pus, or other material.
3. Cysts are often caused by infection, clogging of sebaceous glands, or around earrings.
4. It is unusual for cysts to cause pain unless they rupture, become infected, or inflamed.
5. There are hundreds of different types of cysts. Cysts can occur almost anywhere in the body (for example, on the face, scalp or back, behind the knee, arm, groin, and within organs like the liver, ovaries, kidneys, or brain).
6. Most cysts are asymptomatic and have no signs. However, some cysts on the skin, mucous membranes, and those located in palpable organs often can be felt as a lump or bump; sometimes they are painful.
7. The type of doctor that treat cysts depend on the underlying cause of the cyst and the symptoms, if any, that are produced by the cyst. Usually a primary care doctor is the first one who should be consulted when you notice a cyst. For example, a small epidermoid cyst that causes no symptoms would not require treatment. However, a large cyst in the abdomen displacing internal organs would require a surgeon to remove it. Consequently, many different physician specialists may be involved (OB/GYN, surgeon, orthopedic, gastroenterologist, ENT, dermatologist, infectious disease, or oncologist, for example) depending on the cyst’s size, location, composition, and underlying cause.
8. Some of the different types of cysts include:

  • Arachnoid cyst – the arachnoid membrane covers the brain. This can be treated by surgical drainage if necessary.
  • Bartholin’s cyst – the Bartholin glands are situated inside the vagina. There is some evidence that breast cysts might indicate an increased risk of breast cancer.
  • Cystic hygroma – occasionally, a baby is born with a small cyst or bursa. This birth defect can be corrected with surgery.
  • Hydatid disease – a small tapeworm forms cysts in the liver or lungs.
  • Ovarian cyst – most are benign, but can grow to such a size that the woman looks pregnant.
  • Pilonidal disease – a cyst forms in the skin of the lower back, sometimes containing an ingrown hair.
  • Sebaceous cyst – the skin is lubricated by sebaceous fluid. This fluid can build up inside a pore or hair follicle and form a hard lump filled with thick, greasy matter. When squeezed, a small dome-shaped projection will appear (the punctum), representing the opening of the cyst.Sebaceous cysts are common on the face, back, scalp and scrotum.

9. Collocations:

  • Noun + adj: infected, inoperable, operable.
  • Noun + noun: location of, type of.
  • Noun + verb/Verb + noun: cause, found, infect.

10. Cultural Interrelation: We can mention the movie Malice (1993) directed by Harold Becker. Andy’s wife, Tracy, has an ovarian cyst.

S: 1. OED – https://bit.ly/2FLb0PP (last access: 28 November 2018). 2. NIH – https://bit.ly/2TRZUvr (last access: 28 November 2018). 3. MEDNT – https://bit.ly/2E2Z76a (last access: 28 November 2018). 4. MEDNT – https://bit.ly/2E2Z76a (last access: 28 November 2018). 5. MediciNet.com – https://bit.ly/2QpfOP4 (last access: 28 November 2018). 6. MediciNet.com – https://bit.ly/2QpfOP4 (last access: 28 November 2018). 7. MediciNet.com – https://bit.ly/2QpfOP4 (last access: 28 November 2018). 8. BHC – https://bit.ly/2QnXFRz (last access: 28 November 2018). 9. HLN – https://bit.ly/2TQx9PQ (last access: 28 November 2018). 10. IMDb – https://imdb.to/2BISLGH (last access: 1 December 2018).

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CR: benign, blister, cancer, cancerous, CAT scan, epidemiology, tumor, ultrasonography.