GC: n S: https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jmm/46/11/medmicro-46-11-903.pdf?expires=1572611695&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=E20D2A44A0BC9E2339134BC704954560 (last access: 1 November 2019); https://answersingenesis.org/biology/microbiology/serratia-marcescens-the-miracle-bacillus/ (last access: 1 November 2019). N: 1. 1877, medical Latin, from Late Latin bacillus «wand,» literally «little staff,» diminutive of baculum «a stick, staff, walking stick,» from PIE *bak- «staff» (also source of Greek bakterion; see bacteria) + instrumentive suffix

GC: n S: MJD – https://bit.ly/2Rkjpzc (last access: 3 November 2016); AFIN p. 111. N: 1. – back (adj): «being behind, away from the front, in a backward direction,» Middle English, from back (n.) and back (adv.); often difficult to distinguish from these when the word is used in combinations.

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493185/ (last access: 11 March 2020); WHO – https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/262295/PMC2427496.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (last access: 11 March 2020). N: 1. «virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it,» 1921, from French bactériophage (1917), from bacterio-, combining form of bacteria, + –phage. 2. Any of the viruses that infect bacterial cells;

GC: n S: NCBI – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26965627/ (last access: 14 April 2024); Caister – https://www.caister.com/highveld/microbiology/what-is-a-bacterium.html (last access: 14 April 2024). N: 1. bacterium (n): c. 1848, singular of bacteria (q.v.); bacteria (n): «unicellular microorganisms which lack an organized nucleus,» and sometimes cause disease, 1847, plural of Modern Latin bacterium, from Greek

GC: n S: GOV.UK – https://www.gov.uk/your-rights-bailiffs (last access: 11 January 2025); LII – https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/bailiff (last access: 11 January 2025). N: 1. Middle English baillif, bailie, from Anglo-French baillif, from bail power, authority, office, from baillier to govern, administer, from Medieval Latin bajulare to care for, support, from Latin, to carry

GC: n S: MH – https://hrld.us/2DhF28e (last access: 1 November 2015); BM – https://bit.ly/2GUWSiQ (last access: 1 November 2015). N: 1. Slang term for «Cuban Rafters» or Cuban refugees utilizing a raft to reach the coasts of the United States to escape former Dictator Fidel Castro’s brother Raul Castro’s dictatorship.

GC: n S: PMC – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2826809/ (last access: 6 August 2019); NCB – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20182650/ (last access: 6 August 2019). N: 1. Band-Aid, trademark name (Johnson & Johnson) for a stick-on gauze pad or strip, by 1922. – band (n): «a flat strip,» also «something that binds,» Middle English bende, from

See banished person

GC: n S: Crimjotwell – https://bit.ly/2slEp9H (last access: 9 April 2017); JSTOR – https://bit.ly/2C8YzIO (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. – banished (adj): From past participle of verb banish: late 14c., banischen, «to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political or judicial

GC: n S: PennLaw – https://bit.ly/2Rm0qo0 (last access: 9 April 2017); EncBrit – https://global.britannica.com/topic/exile-law (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. «act of banishing; state of being banished,» c. 1500, from banish (late 14c., banischen, «to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political

S: GOV.UK (last access: 14 January 2026); All Law (last access: 14 January 2026). N: 1. – bare (adj): Old English bær «naked, uncovered, unclothed,» from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (source also of German bar, Old Norse berr, Dutch baar), from PIE *bhoso- «naked» (source also of Armenian bok «naked;» Old Church Slavonic bosu, Lithuanian basas «barefoot»). The meaning «sheer, absolute» (c. 1200) is from the

GC: n S: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/108141.stm (last access: 26 April 2013); http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014). N: Ordinary farm produce, produced in large quantities, e.g. corn, rice or sugar. S: http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014) SYN: S: CR: hunger, poverty.

GC: n S: Sea&Job – https://www.seaandjob.com/ship-breaking-on-beaches/ (last access: 12 June 2024); Marinsight – https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/how-to-do-intentional-grounding-or-beaching-of-a-ship/ (last access: 12 June 2024). N: 1. – beaching (adj): From verb beach «to haul or run up on a beach,» 1814, from beach (n.). Related: Beached; beaching. – place (n): c. 1200, «space, dimensional extent,

GC: n S: Zonein – http://www.zonein.com.au/natural_disasters/beaufort_scale.html (last access: 4 July 2015); Rmets – http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/beaufort-scale (last access: 4 July 2015). N: 1. The Beaufort Scale was invented by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) in 1805 to help sailor describe the wind conditions at sea. It has since been adapted for use on

GC: n S: NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16894439 (last access: 23 July 2015); http://www.hypnotherapykent.co.uk/fear-of-needles/ (last access: 23 July 2015); DORLAND. N: 1. Borrowed from French bélonophobie or bélonéphobie, from Greek belónē “needle” + French -o- + -phobie. First Known Use: circa 1909. 2. Belonephobia is an unreasonable and altered response due to

GC: adj S: MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medlineplus.html (last access: 11 November 2014); STUD – https://study.com/academy/answer/what-does-benign-mean.html (last access: 1 December 2018). N: 1. early 14c., from Old French benigne (12c., «kind, benign, merciful, gracious;» Modern French bénin, fem. bénigne), from Latin benignus «kindly, kindhearted, friendly, generous,» literally «well born,» from bene «well»

GC: n S: PubMed Health – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001379/ (last access: 29 November 2013); http://www.healthline.com/health/beriberi (last access: 2 June 2016). N: 1. Also beri-beri, paralytic disease prevalent in much of India, 1703, literally «great weakness,» intensifying reduplication of Sinhalese beri «weakness.» 2. beriberi, nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamin (vitamin

See povidone-iodine

GC: n S: NM (last access: 5 January 2026); NCBI (last access: 5 January 2026). N: 1. 1520s, «oblique or diagonal line,» from French biais «a slant, a slope, an oblique,» also figuratively, «an expedient, means» (13c., originally in Old French a past-participle adjective, «sideways, askance, against the grain»), a

GC: n S: NIH – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6920858/ (last access: 22 December 2024); NCBI – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3811521/ (last access: 22 December 2024). N: 1. In 1899, a bacterium was isolated by Henri Tissier from the feces of a breastfed infant. He introduced the name Bacillus bifidus (later reclassified as Bifidobacterium bifidum) after the

See Bifidobacterium bifidum

See muscle dysmorphia

GC: n S: OECD – https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/official-development-assistance.htm (last access: 30 June 2024); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/bilateral-aid (last access: 30 June 2024). N: – bilateral (adj): «having two sides,» 1775; see bi- «two» + lateral (adj.). Related: Bilaterally. – aid (n): early 15c., aide, “war-time tax,” also “help, support, assistance,” from Old French

GC: n S: RnCeus – http://www.rnceus.com/lf/lfbili.html (last access: 9 June 2016); NIH – https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003479.htm (last access: 9 June 2016). N: 1. «reddish pigment found in bile,» 1871, from German bilirubin (1864), from bili- (see bile) + Latin ruber «red» (see red) + -ine . 2. A reddish-yellow, crystalline, water-insoluble pigment