GC: n S: Pubsacs – http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/mdd/v04/i05/html/05timeline.html (last access: 2 December 2016); Uthscsa – http://pharmacology.uthscsa.edu/graduate/whatis_pharmTrack.asp (last access: 2 December 2016). N: 1. 1721, formed in Modern Latin (1680s) from pharmaco- + –logy. Related: Pharmacological. 2. The study of drugs, their sources, their nature, and their properties. Pharmacology is the study of the

GC: n S: NIH – https://ocreco.od.nih.gov/courses/principles-clinical-pharmacology.html (last access: 19 January 2025); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/clinical-pharmacology (last access: 19 January 2025). N: 1. – clinical (adj): 1780, «pertaining to hospital patients or hospital care,» from «clinic» + «-al» (2). Meaning «coldly dispassionate» (like a medical report) is recorded from 1928. The earlier

GC: n S: https://www.fpm.org.uk/trainingexams/human_pharmacology/human_pharmacology_landing_page (last access: 4 September 2014); http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15228154 (last access: 4 September 2014); NAVARRO p.471. N: S: SYN: S: CR: clinical pharmacology, pharmacology, .

CG: nf CA: Farmacología CT: La farmacología clínica es una especialidad médica que evalúa los efectos de los fármacos en la especie humana, tanto en la población general, como en subgrupos específicos y en enfermos concretos. En esencia, analiza la relación entre efectos beneficiosos y efectos indeseados, así como el

CG: nf CA: Ciencias biosanitarias – Farmacología CT: Desde el punto de vista etimológico, farmacología deriva del griego, phármakon, que significa remedio o droga, y –lógos, razón, tratado. La farmacología es la ciencia o estudio razonado de los fármacos. Para comprender la farmacología, es conveniente tener unos conocimientos claros y

GC: n S: NCBI – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1847547/ (last access: 1 February 2025); LJMUISC – https://www.ljmuisc.com/blog/what-is-pharmacy (last access: 1 February 2025) N: 1. late 14c., «a medicine,» from Old French farmacie «a purgative» (13c.), from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Greek pharmakeia «use of drugs, medicines, potions, or spells; poisoning, witchcraft; remedy, cure,»

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513296/ (last access: 2 February 2025); HHP – https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/the-power-of-the-placebo-effect (last access: 2 February 2025). N: 1. – placebo (n): early 13c., name given to the rite of Vespers of the Office of the Dead, so called from the opening of the first antiphon, “I will

GC: n S: MSD — https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/over-the-counter-drugs/placebos (last access: 17 January 2025); HH- https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/the-real-power-of-placebos (last access: 17 January 2025). N: 1. placebo: early 13c., name given to the rite of Vespers of the Office of the Dead, so called from the opening of the first antiphon, “I will please the Lord

GC: n S: MEDLP – https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/drugtherapy.html (last access: 1 September 2015); NCBI – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7603146/ (last access: 19 January 2025). N: 1.- drug (n): late 14c., drogge (early 14c. in Anglo-French), «any substance used in the composition or preparation of medicines,» from Old French droge «supply, stock, provision» (14c.), which is

GC: n S: NCBI (last access: 12 December 2025); NHS (last access: 12 December 2025). N: 1. Early 15c., «company of soldiers, band of warriors,» from French cohorte (14c.) and directly from Latin cohortem (nominative cohors) «enclosure,» with meaning extended to «infantry company» in the Roman army through the notion of

GC: n S: http://pharmafactz.com/what-is-pharmacology/ (last access: 29 June 2017); http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Presentation/2013/01/WC500137015.pdf (last access: 29 June 2017). N: 1. 1805–15; < Greek póso(s) how much + -logy. The branch of pharmacology dealing with the determination of dosage. 2. A branch of medical science concerned with dosage. 3. As nouns the difference between

GC: adj S: NCBI – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11959362/ (last access: 22 january 2025); Nature – https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73322-x (last access: 22 january 2025). N: 1. Past participle and adjective. From verb medicate «to treat medicinally,» 1620s, a back-formation from medication, or else from Late Latin medicatus, past participle of medicare, medicari «to medicate, heal,

GC: n S: H4i – https://h4i.nl/healthcare-providers/pharmacy-and-drugstore/ (last access: 1 February 2025); Knowles – https://knowleswellness.com/blog/drugstore-vs-pharmacy-what-is-different/?srsltid=AfmBOoq1gwV-0ptQK14GU5D59m1garMV3wrnSIP8GCWSjRVPcPhwKQF1 (last access: 1 February 2025). N: 1. late 14c., «a medicine,» from Old French farmacie «a purgative» (13c.), from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Greek pharmakeia «use of drugs, medicines, potions, or spells; poisoning, witchcraft; remedy, cure,»

GC: n S: https://www.accp.com/about/clinicalpharmacydefined.aspx (last access: 28 July 2015); http://www.escpweb.org/cms/clinical_pharmacy (last access: 28 July 2015). N: 1. Clinical Pharmacy is a health science discipline in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. The practice of clinical pharmacy embraces the philosophy of

GC: n S: DrugWise – https://www.drugwise.org.uk/amphetamines/ (last access: 27 November 2020); MEDLP – https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm (last access: 27 November 2020). N: 1. «synthetic heart-stimulating drug,» 1938, contracted from alphamethyl-phenethylamine. 2. Synthetic amines which act with a pronounced stimulant effect on the central nervous system. 3. Some types of amphetamines are legally prescribed by

GC: n S: UOT (last access: 8 December 2025); NIH (last access: 8 December 2025). N: 1. First recorded in 1790–1800; < Ancient Greek toxico-, a combining form representing toxic in compound words+ -logy. «branch of medicine treating of poisons and their antidotes,» 1815, from French toxicologie (1812), from Latinized form of

GC: n S: BBC –  https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67489395 (last access: 11 January 2024); NBC –https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fentanyl-stimulants-drives-fourth-wave-overdose-epidemic-us-rcna104953 (last access: 11 January 2024). N: 1. The term fentanyl is apparently formed within English, by derivation. It is formed by comb. form phen- + the noun anilide which is a species of alkalamide + the suffix

词类: 中文来源: http://yxy.henu.edu.cn/jpkc/pharmacology/Scheme/Plan/Experiment0705/101.html(参考资料:17.03.2013), http://xmwb.news365.com.cn/ygb/201210/t20121001_704119.html 注释: 注释来源: 同义词: 同义词来源:

GC: n S: WHO – http://apps.who.int/rhl/education/MR000012_seuca_com/en/index.html (last access: 27 December 2015); http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267325/ (last access: 27 December 2015). N: 1. From verb randomize (1926, from random (adj.) + -ize. Related: Randomized; randomizing). 2. A method based on chance alone by which study participants are assigned to a treatment group. Randomization minimizes

GC: n S: EMA – http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/regulation/general/general_content_000330.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058002956b (last access: 8 December 2015); FDA – http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm261078.pdf (last access: 8 December 2015). N: 1. – drug (n): Middle English drogge. First Known Use: 14th century. – substance (n): Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin substantia, from substant-, substans, present participle of substare to

GC: n S: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1464229/ (last access: 29 June 2017); http://holford.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/docs/rational-dose-prediction.pdf (last access: 29 June 2017). N: 1. – dose (n.): Early 15c., «the giving of medicine (in a specified amount or at a stated time),» from Middle French dose (15c.) or directly from Late Latin dosis, from Greek dosis «a

GC: n S: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5914087 (last access: 30 June 2017); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2447738 (last access: 30 June 2017). N: 1. 1867; see dose + -age, perhaps on model of French dosage (1812). 2. Several meanings depending on field and context: The addition of an ingredient or the application of an agent in a

GC: n S: SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0301008296000275 (last access: 19 November 2020); ChrisJS – http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1010.2563&rep=rep1&type=pdf (last access: 19 November 2020). N: 1. From the word «methylene» [hydrocarbon radical occurring in many compounds, 1835, from French méthylène from Greek methy «wine» + hylē «wood» (which is of uncertain etymology) + Greek name-forming element

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538424/ (last access: 14 December 2024); NIH – https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/prescription-medicines (last access: 14 December 2024). N: 1. late 14c., prescripcioun, in law, «a title or right acquired through long use or uninterrupted possession,» from Old French prescription (13c.) and directly from Latin praescriptionem (nominative praescriptio) «a